Antigravity Agent
173 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
173 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-css-modules
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title: CSS Modules
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [CSS Module, Locally-Scoped CSS]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [css, frontend, scoping, build-tool]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: css
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framework: webpack/vite
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---
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# CSS Modules
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 class 가 file-locally scoped"**. CSS Modules 매 build-time transform 으로 매 class name 을 unique hash 로 rewriting — 매 global namespace pollution 의 elimination + component-level encapsulation 의 enable. 매 2026 현재 Vite/Webpack/Next.js 매 native support, 매 CSS-in-JS runtime cost 의 alternative 로 주류.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 작동 원리
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- `Button.module.css` 매 import 시 매 bundler 가 매 class 를 `Button_primary__a3fG2` 로 rename.
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- 매 import 결과 매 object — `{ primary: 'Button_primary__a3fG2' }`.
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- 매 component 매 `styles.primary` 로 reference — 매 collision-free.
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### 매 vs alternatives
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- **vs global CSS**: 매 scoping 자동, 매 BEM 매 manual convention 의 replacement.
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- **vs CSS-in-JS**: 매 zero runtime, 매 build-time only — 매 bundle size + perf 우위.
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- **vs Tailwind**: 매 component-local custom design 매 적합, Tailwind 매 utility-first.
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### 매 응용
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1. Component library (Button, Input) 매 encapsulated styling.
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2. Next.js 매 default-supported pattern — `*.module.css` 매 convention.
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3. Design system 매 token + component 매 layered structure.
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## 💻 패턴
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### Basic usage
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```css
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/* Button.module.css */
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.primary {
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background: #0070f3;
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color: white;
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padding: 8px 16px;
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border-radius: 4px;
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}
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.disabled {
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opacity: 0.5;
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cursor: not-allowed;
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}
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```
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```tsx
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// Button.tsx
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import styles from './Button.module.css';
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export function Button({ disabled, children }: Props) {
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return (
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<button
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className={`${styles.primary} ${disabled ? styles.disabled : ''}`}
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disabled={disabled}
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>
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{children}
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</button>
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);
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}
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```
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### Composition (`composes`)
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```css
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/* base.module.css */
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.button {
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font: inherit;
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cursor: pointer;
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}
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/* Button.module.css */
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.primary {
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composes: button from './base.module.css';
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background: #0070f3;
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}
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```
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### `clsx` 와 conditional classes
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```tsx
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import clsx from 'clsx';
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import styles from './Card.module.css';
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export function Card({ variant, active }: Props) {
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return (
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<div className={clsx(styles.card, styles[variant], active && styles.active)}>
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...
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</div>
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);
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}
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```
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### TypeScript typed module
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```ts
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// Button.module.css.d.ts (auto-generated by typescript-plugin-css-modules)
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declare const styles: {
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readonly primary: string;
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readonly disabled: string;
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};
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export default styles;
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```
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### `:global` escape hatch
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```css
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/* Layout.module.css */
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.root :global(.markdown) h1 {
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/* unscoped — for third-party HTML */
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font-size: 2rem;
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}
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```
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### Vite config
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```ts
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// vite.config.ts
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export default {
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css: {
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modules: {
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localsConvention: 'camelCaseOnly',
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generateScopedName: '[name]__[local]__[hash:base64:5]',
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},
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},
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};
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| Component-scoped styling, zero runtime | **CSS Modules** |
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| Dynamic styles (props-driven) | CSS-in-JS (vanilla-extract, styled-components) |
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| Utility-first, rapid prototyping | Tailwind |
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| Server Components 매 styling | CSS Modules (Tailwind 도 OK) |
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**기본값**: Next.js / Vite 매 component-level styling 의 first choice 로 **CSS Modules**.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[CSS]] · [[Build Tool]]
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- 변형: [[CSS-in-JS]] · [[Tailwind CSS]] · [[BEM]]
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- 응용: [[Next.js]] · [[Vite]] · [[React]]
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- Adjacent: [[Vanilla-Extract]] · [[PostCSS]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: component encapsulation 매 필요, runtime cost 의 회피, TypeScript-friendly typing.
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**언제 X**: 매 dynamic theming 매 heavy (variant explosion), 매 design token 매 runtime mutation 매 필요 — vanilla-extract / CSS variables.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **`:global` 매 남용**: 매 scoping benefit 의 nullification.
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- **String concatenation 매 raw**: 매 `clsx` 의 사용 — 매 readability + falsy handling.
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- **`styles['kebab-case']` access 매 unnecessarily**: 매 `localsConvention: 'camelCaseOnly'` 매 설정.
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- **Module 1개 매 100+ classes**: 매 split — 매 component-per-module.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (Next.js docs 2026, Vite CSS Modules guide).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — CSS Modules build-time scoping + composition + Vite/Next 통합 |
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