2nd/10_Wiki/Topic_JavaScript/JavaScript_Arithmetic.md

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id	title	category	status	verification_status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	created_at	updated_at	review_reason	merge_history	tags	raw_sources	applied_in	github_commit
javascript-arithmetic	JavaScript Arithmetic	Frontend	draft	conceptual		JS arithmetic arithmetic operators operator precedence modulus operator exponentiation operator increment decrement		B	0.89	2026-06-23	2026-06-23			javascript js web frontend w3schools arithmetic operators	https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_arithmetic.asp

JavaScript Arithmetic

🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)

Arithmetic operators perform arithmetic on numbers (literals or variables), with multiplication and division taking higher precedence than addition and subtraction. [S1]

🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)

• Arithmetic on numbers — arithmetic operators perform arithmetic on numbers, which can be literals or variables. [S1]
• Operands and operators — the numbers in an arithmetic operation are called operands; the operation performed between two operands is defined by an operator. [S1]
• Eight arithmetic operators — +, -, *, **, /, %, ++, --. [S1]
• Modulus returns the remainder — the modulus operator % returns the division remainder. [S1]
• Exponentiation equals Math.pow — x ** y produces the same result as Math.pow(x, y). [S1]
• Precedence and left-to-right — multiplication and division have higher precedence than addition and subtraction; operations of equal precedence are computed left to right; parentheses override precedence. [S1]

🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)

• Operate over literals or variables — the operands of an arithmetic expression can be literals (100 + 50), variables (a + b), or sub-expressions ((100 + 50) * a). [S1]
• Increment/decrement in place — x++ raises and x-- lowers a variable by one. [S1]
• Force evaluation order with parentheses — wrap a lower-precedence operation in () to make it run first. [S1]

📖 세부 내용 (Details)

JavaScript Arithmetic Operators [S1] Arithmetic operators perform arithmetic on numbers (literals or variables):

Operator	Description
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
**	Exponentiation (ES2016)
/	Division
%	Modulus (Remainder)
++	Increment
--	Decrement

Arithmetic Operations [S1] A typical arithmetic operation operates on two numbers. The two numbers can be literals:

let x = 100 + 50;

or variables:

let x = a + b;

or expressions:

let x = (100 + 50) * a;

Operators and Operands [S1] The numbers (in an arithmetic operation) are called operands. The operation (to be performed between the two operands) is defined by an operator.

Adding [S1]

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x + y;

Subtracting [S1]

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x - y;

Multiplying [S1]

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x * y;

Dividing [S1]

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x / y;

Remainder [S1] The modulus operator (%) returns the division remainder. The result of a modulo operation is the remainder of an arithmetic division.

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x % y;

Incrementing [S1] The increment operator (++) increments numbers.

let x = 5;
x++;
let z = x;

Decrementing [S1] The decrement operator (--) decrements numbers.

let x = 5;
x--;
let z = x;

Exponentiation [S1] The exponentiation operator (**) raises the first operand to the power of the second operand.

let x = 5;
let z = x ** 2;

x ** y produces the same result as Math.pow(x, y):

let x = 5;
let z = Math.pow(x,2);

Operator Precedence [S1] Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed in an arithmetic expression. Multiplication and division have higher precedence than addition and subtraction:

let x = 100 + 50 * 3;

Parentheses can change the order — operations inside parentheses are computed first:

let x = (100 + 50) * 3;

When many operations have the same precedence (like addition and subtraction or multiplication and division), they are computed from left to right:

let x = 100 + 50 - 3;

let x = 100 / 50 * 3;

🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)

The page's own snippets are the canonical applied examples — adding/subtracting/multiplying/dividing into z, taking a remainder with %, incrementing/decrementing, exponentiating with ** vs Math.pow, and demonstrating precedence with and without parentheses. No external project/commit applications found in the source.

💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)

Operate over two variables:

let x = 5;
let y = 2;
let z = x % y;

Exponentiate (two equivalent forms):

let z = x ** 2;
let z = Math.pow(x,2);

Override precedence with parentheses:

let x = (100 + 50) * 3;

⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)

No contradictions found in the source. The source notes the exponentiation operator ** was introduced in ES2016, which is the relevant version context.

✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도

• 상태: draft
• 검증 단계: conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
• 출처 신뢰도: B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
• 신뢰 점수: 0.89
• 중복 검사 결과: 신규 생성 (New discovery)

🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)

• 상위/루트: JavaScript Tutorial
• 관련 개념: JavaScript Operators, JavaScript Assignment, JavaScript Types, JavaScript Comparisons
• 참조 맥락: Referenced whenever computing numeric values or reasoning about evaluation order in expressions.

📚 출처 (Sources)

• [S1] W3Schools — JavaScript Arithmetic — https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_arithmetic.asp

📝 변경 이력 (Change history)

• 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "JavaScript Arithmetic" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).