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W3Schools 튜토리얼을 P-Reinforce v3.1 포맷으로 위키화(영어 본문, 한/영 섹션 헤더). - Topic_HTML: 59문서 (튜토리얼+예제, 레퍼런스/메타 제외) - Topic_CSS: 190문서 (메인 + Advanced/Flexbox/Grid/RWD 전체) - Topic_JavaScript: 120문서 (코어 언어; Temporal/DOM상세/BOM/WebAPI/AJAX/jQuery/Graphics 등은 후속) 각 폴더 00_INDEX.md(MOC) 포함. 코드 verbatim, 미확인분은 "Not found in source" 표기. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
144 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
144 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: html-entities
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title: "HTML Entities"
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category: "Frontend"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["character entities", "reserved characters", "non-breaking space", "nbsp", "entity name", "entity number", "diacritical marks"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.90
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created_at: 2026-06-23
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updated_at: 2026-06-23
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["html", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "entities", "characters"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_entities.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[HTML Entities]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with entities — written as an entity name (`&name;`) or an entity number (`&#number;`) — so the browser does not confuse them with tags. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **Reserved characters need entities** — characters like `<` and `>` are reserved; if used directly in text, the browser might mix them up with tags. [S1]
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- **Two entity forms** — entity names (`&entity_name;`) or entity numbers (`&#entity_number;`) can both display reserved characters. [S1]
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- **Names are easier** — entity names are easier to remember than entity numbers. [S1]
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- **Names are case sensitive** — entity names must use the correct case. [S1]
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- **Non-breaking space (` `)** — a space that will not break into a new line and prevents the browser from truncating consecutive spaces. [S1]
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- **Combining diacritical marks** — marks can combine with alphanumeric characters to produce characters not present in the page's encoding. [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **Less-than** — `<` or `<` displays `<`. [S1]
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- **Greater-than** — `>` or `>` displays `>`. [S1]
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- **Ampersand** — `&` displays `&`. [S1]
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- **Non-breaking space** — ` ` keeps two words on the same line (e.g. `10 km/h`, `10 PM`) and adds real spaces. [S1]
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- **Combining mark** — base char + mark number, e.g. `à` → `à`. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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**Reserved characters**
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Some characters are reserved in HTML. If you use the less-than (`<`) or greater-than (`>`) signs in your HTML text, the browser might mix them with tags. Entity names or entity numbers can be used to display reserved HTML characters. [S1]
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- `<` (less than) = `<`
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- `>` (greater than) = `>`
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**Entity syntax**
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An entity is written either as a name or as a number: [S1]
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```text
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&entity_name;
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&#entity_number;
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```
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For example, to display a less-than sign (`<`) we must write `<` or `<`. Entity names are easier to remember than entity numbers. [S1]
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> Note: Entity names are case sensitive. [S1]
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**Non-breaking space**
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A commonly used HTML entity is the non-breaking space: ` `. A non-breaking space is a space that will not break into a new line. Two words separated by a non-breaking space will stick together (not break into a new line). This is handy when breaking the words might be disruptive, for example: [S1]
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- `§ 10`
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- `10 km/h`
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- `10 PM`
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Another common use of the non-breaking space is to prevent browsers from truncating spaces in HTML pages. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them; to add real spaces to your text, you can use the ` ` character entity. The non-breaking hyphen (`‑`) is used to define a hyphen character (`‑`) that does not break into a new line. [S1]
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**Some useful HTML character entities**
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| Result | Description | Name | Number |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| (space) | non-breaking space | ` ` | ` ` |
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| < | less than | `<` | `<` |
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| > | greater than | `>` | `>` |
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| & | ampersand | `&` | `&` |
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| " | double quotation mark | `"` | `"` |
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| ' | single quotation mark | `'` | `'` |
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| ¢ | cent | `¢` | `¢` |
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| £ | pound | `£` | `£` |
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| ¥ | yen | `¥` | `¥` |
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| € | euro | `€` | `€` |
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| © | copyright | `©` | `©` |
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| ® | registered trademark | `®` | `®` |
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| ™ | trademark | `™` | `™` |
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[S1]
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**Combining diacritical marks**
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A diacritical mark is a "glyph" added to a letter. Some diacritical marks, like grave ( ̀) and acute ( ́), are called accents. Diacritical marks can be used in combination with alphanumeric characters to produce a character that is not present in the character set (encoding) used in the page. [S1]
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| Mark | Character | Construct | Result |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| ̀ | a | `à` | à |
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| ́ | a | `á` | á |
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| ̂ | a | `â` | â |
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| ̃ | a | `ã` | ã |
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| ̀ | O | `Ò` | Ò |
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| ́ | O | `Ó` | Ó |
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| ̂ | O | `Ô` | Ô |
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| ̃ | O | `Õ` | Õ |
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[S1]
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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The reserved-character substitutions (`<`, `>`, `&`), the ` ` usage examples (`10 km/h`, `10 PM`, preserving spaces), and the combining-mark constructs (`à` → à) are the canonical applied examples. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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Display a literal less-than sign:
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```html
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<
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<
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```
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Keep two words on the same line:
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```html
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10 km/h
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```
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Combine a base character with a diacritical mark:
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```html
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à <!-- renders as à -->
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```
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## ⚖️ 비교 및 선택 기준 (Comparison & decision criteria)
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- **Entity name (`<`)** — easier to remember; case sensitive. [S1]
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- **Entity number (`<`)** — numeric alternative producing the same character. [S1]
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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No contradictions found in the source.
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[HTML Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[HTML Symbols]], [[HTML Charset]], [[HTML Formatting]], [[HTML Introduction]]
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- **참조 맥락:** Referenced whenever reserved characters, special symbols, real spaces, or accented characters must be displayed safely in HTML text.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — HTML Entities — https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_entities.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "HTML Entities" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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