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W3Schools 튜토리얼을 P-Reinforce v3.1 포맷으로 위키화(영어 본문, 한/영 섹션 헤더). - Topic_HTML: 59문서 (튜토리얼+예제, 레퍼런스/메타 제외) - Topic_CSS: 190문서 (메인 + Advanced/Flexbox/Grid/RWD 전체) - Topic_JavaScript: 120문서 (코어 언어; Temporal/DOM상세/BOM/WebAPI/AJAX/jQuery/Graphics 등은 후속) 각 폴더 00_INDEX.md(MOC) 포함. 코드 verbatim, 미확인분은 "Not found in source" 표기. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
122 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: html-accessibility
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title: "HTML Accessibility"
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category: "Frontend"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["web accessibility", "semantic HTML", "a11y", "accessible HTML", "screen reader HTML"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.87
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created_at: 2026-06-23
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updated_at: 2026-06-23
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["html", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "accessibility", "semantic-html", "a11y"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_accessibility.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[HTML Accessibility]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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Always write HTML with accessibility in mind — use semantic elements for their intended purpose so all users get a good way to navigate and interact with your site. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **Accessibility-first mindset** — always write HTML code with accessibility in mind, giving users a good way to navigate and interact with the site. [S1]
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- **Semantic HTML** — use the correct HTML element for its purpose; a semantic `<button>` carries suitable default styling, screen-reader recognition, focusability, and keyboard navigation that a `<div>` does not. [S1]
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- **Headings convey structure** — use headings (`<h1>`–`<h6>`) for headings only, not to make text big or bold. [S1]
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- **Alternative text** — provide descriptive `alt` text for images. [S1]
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- **Declare the language** — set the page language with the `lang` attribute on `<html>`. [S1]
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- **Meaningful link text** — links should describe where they lead, not say "Click here" or "Read more.." [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **Semantic vs non-semantic** — non-semantic elements: `<div>`, `<span>`; semantic elements: `<form>`, `<table>`, `<article>` (and `<button>`). [S1]
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- **Right element for the job** — prefer `<button>Report an Error</button>` over `<div>Report an Error</div>`. [S1]
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- **Heading hierarchy** — order headings `<h1>`→`<h6>` to express document structure. [S1]
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- **`alt` on every meaningful image** — `<img ... alt="descriptive text">`. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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**Write with accessibility in mind**
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Always write HTML code with accessibility in mind. Provide the user a good way to navigate and interact with your site. [S1]
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**Use semantic HTML**
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Use the correct HTML element for the correct purpose. For example, a button should be a `<button>`, not a `<div>`: [S1]
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```html
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<button>Report an Error</button>
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```
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rather than the non-semantic:
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```html
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<div>Report an Error</div>
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```
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Benefits of using the semantic `<button>` include suitable default styling, screen reader recognition, focusability, and keyboard navigation support. Non-semantic elements include `<div>` and `<span>`; semantic elements include `<form>`, `<table>`, and `<article>`. [S1]
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**Use headings for structure**
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Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text **BIG** or **bold**. [S1]
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```html
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<h1>Heading 1</h1>
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<h2>Heading 2</h2>
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<h3>Heading 3</h3>
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<h4>Heading 4</h4>
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<h5>Heading 5</h5>
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<h6>Heading 6</h6>
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```
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**Provide alternative text for images**
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```html
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<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="A narrow city street with flowers in Chania">
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```
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**Declare the page language**
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<body>
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...
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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**Use meaningful link text**
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Good links use descriptive text explaining where the link leads; bad links use generic text like "Click here" or "Read more..". [S1]
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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The applied guidance is concrete: replace non-semantic `<div>` buttons with `<button>`, keep headings hierarchical and reserved for structure, add descriptive `alt` text, declare `lang`, and write meaningful link text. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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Semantic button (HTML):
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```html
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<button>Report an Error</button>
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```
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Image with alternative text (HTML):
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```html
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<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="A narrow city street with flowers in Chania">
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```
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Document language declaration (HTML):
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```html
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<html lang="en">
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```
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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No contradictions found in the source. Note this page does not cover ARIA attributes, `<label for>` form-input labels, `tabindex`, or color-contrast requirements — those topics are not addressed here (Not found in source). [S1]
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.87
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[HTML Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[HTML Semantics]], [[HTML Headings]], [[HTML Images]], [[HTML Buttons]]
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- **참조 맥락:** Referenced whenever building markup that must be usable by screen readers, keyboards, and assistive technology.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — HTML Accessibility — https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_accessibility.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "HTML Accessibility" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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