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W3Schools 튜토리얼을 P-Reinforce v3.1 포맷으로 위키화(영어 본문, 한/영 섹션 헤더). - Topic_HTML: 59문서 (튜토리얼+예제, 레퍼런스/메타 제외) - Topic_CSS: 190문서 (메인 + Advanced/Flexbox/Grid/RWD 전체) - Topic_JavaScript: 120문서 (코어 언어; Temporal/DOM상세/BOM/WebAPI/AJAX/jQuery/Graphics 등은 후속) 각 폴더 00_INDEX.md(MOC) 포함. 코드 verbatim, 미확인분은 "Not found in source" 표기. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
102 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
102 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: css-pseudo-classes
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title: "CSS Pseudo-classes"
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category: "Frontend"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["pseudo-classes", "pseudo class", "special state styling", "hover focus active", "structural pseudo-classes"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.85
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created_at: 2026-06-23
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updated_at: 2026-06-23
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["css", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "selectors", "pseudo-classes"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_pseudo_classes.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[CSS Pseudo-classes]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword added to a selector to define a style for a special state of an element — such as hover, focus, visited links, or position within the document tree. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **Definition** — a CSS pseudo-class is a keyword that can be added to a selector, to define a style for a special state of an element. [S1]
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- **Syntax** — a single colon followed by the pseudo-class name, attached to a selector. [S1]
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- **Common use cases** — styling on mouse hover, distinguishing visited vs unvisited links, focus states, and form validation states. [S1]
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- **Interactive pseudo-classes** — respond to user actions: `:hover`, `:focus`, `:active`, `:link`, `:visited`. [S1]
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- **Structural pseudo-classes** — select based on document-tree position: `:first-child`, `:last-child`, `:nth-child(n)`, `:lang()`. [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **State-based styling** — append `:state` to a selector to style a transient or contextual condition rather than a static element. [S1]
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- **Two families** — interactive (user-driven) vs structural (position-driven) pseudo-classes cover the two broad selection needs. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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**What is a pseudo-class?**
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A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword that can be added to a selector, to define a style for a special state of an element. [S1]
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**Syntax** [S1]
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```css
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selector:pseudo-class-name {
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CSS properties
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}
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```
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**Common use cases**
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The page identifies common applications including styling on mouse hover, distinguishing visited versus unvisited links, focus states, and form validation states. [S1]
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**Interactive pseudo-classes (respond to user actions)** [S1]
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- `:hover` — when the mouse is over an element.
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- `:focus` — when an element has focus.
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- `:active` — when an element is being activated.
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- `:link` — unvisited links.
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- `:visited` — visited links.
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**Structural pseudo-classes (select by document-tree position)** [S1]
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- `:first-child` — first child of a parent.
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- `:last-child` — last child of a parent.
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- `:nth-child(n)` — the nth child of a parent.
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- `:lang()` — elements with a specific language.
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**All CSS Pseudo-classes (reference table)**
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Not found in source — the tutorial page links to the separate "CSS Pseudo-classes Reference" for the complete list rather than embedding the full table. [S1]
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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The page describes (rather than ships full code for) common applications: hover styling, visited/unvisited link distinction, focus states, and form-validation states. Detailed worked examples live on the linked interactive and structural pseudo-class pages. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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General pseudo-class syntax (language: CSS):
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```css
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selector:pseudo-class-name {
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CSS properties
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}
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```
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## ⚖️ 비교 및 선택 기준 (Comparison & decision criteria)
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- **Interactive vs structural** — choose an interactive pseudo-class (`:hover`, `:focus`, `:active`, `:link`, `:visited`) to react to user actions or link state; choose a structural pseudo-class (`:first-child`, `:last-child`, `:nth-child(n)`, `:lang()`) to select by position in the document tree. [S1]
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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No contradictions found in the source.
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.85
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[CSS Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[CSS Interactive Pseudo-classes]], [[CSS Combinators]], [[CSS Selectors]], [[CSS Pseudo-elements]]
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- **참조 맥락:** The entry point for styling special element states (hover/focus/link) and structural positions.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — CSS Pseudo-classes — https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_pseudo_classes.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "CSS Pseudo-classes" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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