koriweb
d8a80f6272
이름만 다른(표기 변형) [[위키링크]]를 대상 문서의 canonical 제목으로 치환해 끊겼던 1,200개 링크를 연결. 제목/파일명 정규화 일치만 적용하고 별칭 매칭은 과병합 위험으로 제외(애매성 가드). 원본은 _link_reconcile_backup/ 에 백업. 도구: Datacollect/scripts/link_reconcile_apply.mjs Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
182 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
182 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
id: wiki-2026-0508-protocols
|
|
title: Protocols
|
|
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
|
|
status: verified
|
|
canonical_id: self
|
|
aliases: [Communication Protocols, Network Protocols, Wire Protocols]
|
|
duplicate_of: none
|
|
source_trust_level: A
|
|
confidence_score: 0.9
|
|
verification_status: applied
|
|
tags: [networking, protocols, systems, MCP]
|
|
raw_sources: []
|
|
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
|
|
github_commit: pending
|
|
tech_stack:
|
|
language: multi
|
|
framework: HTTP-gRPC-MCP
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Protocols
|
|
|
|
## 매 한 줄
|
|
> **"매 communicating parties 가 매 따라야 하는 rules 의 명시"**. 매 syntax (frame format), 매 semantics (meaning of fields), 매 timing (sequencing) 의 3 axes 로 정의. 매 2026 의 hot stack: HTTP/3 (QUIC), gRPC, MCP (Model Context Protocol), WebSocket, MQTT 5.
|
|
|
|
## 매 핵심
|
|
|
|
### 매 protocol 의 layers
|
|
- **Physical / Link**: Ethernet, Wi-Fi 7, 5G NR.
|
|
- **Network**: IPv6 (default 2026), IPv4 legacy.
|
|
- **Transport**: TCP, UDP, QUIC.
|
|
- **Application**: HTTP/3, gRPC, MCP, MQTT, AMQP.
|
|
|
|
### 매 design dimensions
|
|
- **Stateful vs stateless**: 매 server-side state 보관 여부.
|
|
- **Sync vs async**: 매 request-response vs publish-subscribe.
|
|
- **Push vs pull**: 매 server-initiated vs client-initiated.
|
|
- **Text vs binary**: 매 human-readable vs efficient.
|
|
- **Versioning**: 매 backward / forward compatibility 의 strategy.
|
|
|
|
### 매 응용
|
|
1. **Web**: HTTP/3 over QUIC — 매 default.
|
|
2. **AI tools**: MCP (Anthropic 2024) 매 LLM ↔ tool 의 universal.
|
|
3. **Microservices**: gRPC 매 internal RPC.
|
|
4. **IoT**: MQTT 5 매 lightweight pub-sub.
|
|
5. **Realtime**: WebSocket / WebTransport.
|
|
|
|
## 💻 패턴
|
|
|
|
### MCP server (Anthropic, 2026 standard)
|
|
```python
|
|
from mcp.server import Server
|
|
from mcp.types import Tool, TextContent
|
|
|
|
server = Server("knowledge-base")
|
|
|
|
@server.list_tools()
|
|
async def tools():
|
|
return [Tool(
|
|
name="query",
|
|
description="Query the KB",
|
|
inputSchema={
|
|
"type": "object",
|
|
"properties": {"q": {"type": "string"}},
|
|
"required": ["q"],
|
|
},
|
|
)]
|
|
|
|
@server.call_tool()
|
|
async def call(name, args):
|
|
return [TextContent(type="text", text=search(args["q"]))]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### gRPC service (.proto + Python)
|
|
```protobuf
|
|
// kb.proto
|
|
syntax = "proto3";
|
|
service KB {
|
|
rpc Query(QueryRequest) returns (stream QueryChunk);
|
|
}
|
|
message QueryRequest { string q = 1; }
|
|
message QueryChunk { string text = 1; bool done = 2; }
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
# server.py
|
|
import grpc, kb_pb2_grpc, kb_pb2
|
|
|
|
class KBServicer(kb_pb2_grpc.KBServicer):
|
|
def Query(self, request, context):
|
|
for chunk in stream_search(request.q):
|
|
yield kb_pb2.QueryChunk(text=chunk, done=False)
|
|
yield kb_pb2.QueryChunk(done=True)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### HTTP/3 client (QUIC)
|
|
```python
|
|
# httpx + h2/h3
|
|
import httpx
|
|
|
|
async with httpx.AsyncClient(http2=True, http3=True) as client:
|
|
r = await client.get("https://api.example.com/v1/users")
|
|
print(r.http_version) # "HTTP/3"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### WebSocket realtime
|
|
```python
|
|
import asyncio
|
|
import websockets
|
|
|
|
async def handler(ws):
|
|
async for msg in ws:
|
|
await ws.send(f"echo: {msg}")
|
|
|
|
async def main():
|
|
async with websockets.serve(handler, "0.0.0.0", 8765):
|
|
await asyncio.Future() # run forever
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### MQTT 5 pub-sub (IoT)
|
|
```python
|
|
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
|
|
|
|
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
|
|
print(f"{msg.topic}: {msg.payload.decode()}")
|
|
|
|
client = mqtt.Client(protocol=mqtt.MQTTv5)
|
|
client.on_message = on_message
|
|
client.connect("broker.example.com", 1883)
|
|
client.subscribe("sensors/+/temperature")
|
|
client.loop_forever()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Protocol negotiation (capabilities handshake)
|
|
```python
|
|
# Common pattern: client sends supported versions, server picks highest mutual
|
|
def negotiate(client_versions: set[str], server_versions: set[str]) -> str:
|
|
common = client_versions & server_versions
|
|
if not common:
|
|
raise ProtocolError("no compatible version")
|
|
return max(common, key=lambda v: tuple(map(int, v.split("."))))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 매 결정 기준
|
|
| Scenario | Protocol |
|
|
|---|---|
|
|
| 매 LLM ↔ tools | MCP |
|
|
| 매 internal RPC, polyglot | gRPC over HTTP/2 |
|
|
| 매 public web API | HTTP/3 + JSON / OpenAPI |
|
|
| 매 realtime browser | WebSocket / WebTransport |
|
|
| 매 IoT constrained | MQTT 5 / CoAP |
|
|
| 매 message queue | AMQP 1.0 / Kafka |
|
|
| 매 streaming chat | Server-Sent Events / WebSocket |
|
|
|
|
**기본값**: 매 public = HTTP/3 + JSON, 매 internal = gRPC, 매 LLM tools = MCP.
|
|
|
|
## 🔗 Graph
|
|
- 부모: [[Distributed-Systems]]
|
|
- 변형: [[HTTP]] · [[gRPC]] · [[MCP]]
|
|
- 응용: [[API-Design]] · [[Microservices]] · [[클라우드 인프라 및 IaC 운영 표준|IoT]]
|
|
- Adjacent: [[Interoperability]]
|
|
|
|
## 🤖 LLM 활용
|
|
**언제**: 매 protocol selection, 매 wire format debugging, 매 backward-compat strategy review.
|
|
**언제 X**: 매 single-process in-memory calls — 매 protocol 무용.
|
|
|
|
## ❌ 안티패턴
|
|
- **Custom snowflake protocol**: 매 in-house wire format 매 ecosystem 의 X.
|
|
- **No version negotiation**: 매 deploy mismatch → cascade failure.
|
|
- **Stateful with no session**: 매 load balancer 매 sticky session 강제 → scaling pain.
|
|
- **Chatty protocols**: 매 N round trips 매 single op → latency.
|
|
|
|
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
|
|
- Verified (RFC 9114 HTTP/3, 9000 QUIC; gRPC.io; Anthropic MCP spec 2024; OASIS MQTT 5; OASIS AMQP 1.0).
|
|
- 신뢰도 A.
|
|
|
|
## 🕓 Changelog
|
|
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|
|
|---|---|
|
|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
|
|
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — protocol layers + 2026 modern stack (MCP, HTTP/3, gRPC) |
|