2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Frontend/CesiumJS.md

---
id: wiki-2026-0508-cesiumjs
title: CesiumJS
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Cesium, Cesium.js]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [3d, geospatial, webgl, frontend, mapping]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: JavaScript / TypeScript
  framework: WebGL2 / WebGPU
---

# CesiumJS

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 browser 의 3D digital globe + geospatial visualization 의 standard"**. CesiumJS 는 WGS84 ellipsoid 의 정확 globe 의 WebGL/WebGPU 렌더링, 3D Tiles spec 의 reference impl. 2026 도시 digital twin, drone telemetry, satellite tracking, defense visualization 의 dominant choice.

## 매 핵심

### 매 핵심 concept
- **Viewer**: 모든 widget 의 포함 의 main container
- **Scene**: 3D world (globe, sky, atmosphere)
- **Camera**: position + heading/pitch/roll, FlyTo 의 지원
- **Entity**: high-level data-driven object (point, polygon, model)
- **Primitive**: low-level direct GPU 의 access
- **3D Tiles**: streaming hierarchical 3D dataset (city, photogrammetry)
- **Terrain**: heightmap (Cesium World Terrain, custom)
- **Imagery**: tile basemap (Bing, Mapbox, OSM)

### 매 좌표 system
- `Cartesian3`: ECEF (meters from Earth center)
- `Cartographic`: lon/lat/height (radians)
- `Cesium.Math.toRadians/toDegrees` 의 변환

### 매 응용
1. 도시 3D digital twin (Photogrammetry / CityGML).
2. Drone / vehicle real-time tracking.
3. Satellite orbit visualization (CZML).
4. Construction BIM overlay.
5. Disaster response (flood, wildfire).

## 💻 패턴

### Setup (Vite + npm)
```ts
import { Viewer, Cartesian3, Math as CMath, Ion } from 'cesium';
import 'cesium/Build/Cesium/Widgets/widgets.css';

Ion.defaultAccessToken = import.meta.env.VITE_CESIUM_ION_TOKEN;

const viewer = new Viewer('cesiumContainer', {
  terrainProvider: await Cesium.createWorldTerrainAsync(),
});

viewer.camera.flyTo({
  destination: Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.4194, 37.7749, 5000),
  orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: CMath.toRadians(-45), roll: 0 },
});
```

### Entity (point + label)
```ts
viewer.entities.add({
  position: Cartesian3.fromDegrees(127.0, 37.5, 100),
  point: { pixelSize: 12, color: Cesium.Color.YELLOW },
  label: {
    text: 'Seoul',
    font: '14px sans-serif',
    pixelOffset: new Cesium.Cartesian2(0, -20),
  },
});
```

### 3D Tiles (Photogrammetry city)
```ts
const tileset = await Cesium.Cesium3DTileset.fromIonAssetId(96188);
viewer.scene.primitives.add(tileset);
await viewer.zoomTo(tileset);

// Style 의 적용
tileset.style = new Cesium.Cesium3DTileStyle({
  color: 'color("white", 0.9)',
  show: '${Height} > 30',
});
```

### glTF model (vehicle)
```ts
const drone = viewer.entities.add({
  position: Cartesian3.fromDegrees(127.0, 37.5, 200),
  model: {
    uri: '/models/drone.glb',
    scale: 1.0,
    minimumPixelSize: 64,
  },
  orientation: Cesium.Transforms.headingPitchRollQuaternion(
    Cartesian3.fromDegrees(127.0, 37.5, 200),
    new Cesium.HeadingPitchRoll(0, 0, 0),
  ),
});
```

### CZML (time-dynamic)
```ts
const dataSource = await Cesium.CzmlDataSource.load('/data/flight.czml');
viewer.dataSources.add(dataSource);
viewer.clock.shouldAnimate = true;
viewer.trackedEntity = dataSource.entities.values[0];
```

### Real-time WebSocket update
```ts
const drone = viewer.entities.add({
  id: 'drone-1',
  position: new Cesium.SampledPositionProperty(),
  point: { pixelSize: 8, color: Cesium.Color.RED },
});

const ws = new WebSocket('wss://api/telemetry');
ws.onmessage = (e) => {
  const { lon, lat, alt, t } = JSON.parse(e.data);
  drone.position.addSample(
    Cesium.JulianDate.fromIso8601(t),
    Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, alt),
  );
};
```

### Pick (click → entity)
```ts
viewer.screenSpaceEventHandler.setInputAction((click) => {
  const picked = viewer.scene.pick(click.position);
  if (Cesium.defined(picked) && picked.id) {
    console.log('Clicked entity:', picked.id.id);
  }
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
```

### React 의 통합 (Resium)
```tsx
import { Viewer, Entity, PointGraphics } from 'resium';
import { Cartesian3 } from 'cesium';

export function Globe() {
  return (
    <Viewer full>
      <Entity position={Cartesian3.fromDegrees(127, 37.5, 100)}>
        <PointGraphics pixelSize={10} />
      </Entity>
    </Viewer>
  );
}
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| 정확 WGS84 globe | CesiumJS |
| 2D map only | Mapbox / MapLibre |
| Photogrammetry city | 3D Tiles + Ion |
| Time-series telemetry | CZML + SampledPositionProperty |
| React app | Resium wrapper |
| Custom shader | Primitive + Material |

**기본값**: Viewer + Entity (90% case 의 충분).

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Geospatial]]
- 변형: [[Three.js]]
- 응용: [[Digital Twin]]
- Adjacent: [[WebGL]] · [[WebGPU]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 3D globe, photogrammetry city, satellite/drone tracking 코드 generation.
**언제 X**: 단순 2D map (Mapbox/MapLibre 의 lighter).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Entity 의 수만 개 add**: performance 의 죽음 — 매 Primitive / Cluster 의 사용.
- **모든 frame 의 entity 의 recreate**: 매 GC pressure — `position` 의 update.
- **Bundle 전체 import**: Cesium 의 매 huge — tree-shake / `cesium-vite` plugin.
- **`viewer.scene.requestRender` 의 무시 in `requestRenderMode`**: 매 frame 의 frozen.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Cesium docs, 3D Tiles OGC spec).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — CesiumJS patterns + 3D Tiles + Resium |