Antigravity Agent
184 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
184 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: mobile-e2e-testing
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title: Mobile E2E Testing — Detox / Maestro / Appium
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category: Coding
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status: draft
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source_trust_level: B
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verification_status: conceptual
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created_at: 2026-05-09
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updated_at: 2026-05-09
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tags: [mobile, testing, detox, maestro, vibe-coding]
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tech_stack: { language: "TS / YAML", applicable_to: ["iOS", "Android", "React Native"] }
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applied_in: []
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aliases: [Detox, Maestro, Appium, EarlGrey, mobile UI test, instrumented test]
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---
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# Mobile E2E Testing
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> 단위 테스트 충분 X — 실기 / 시뮬레이터 UI 흐름. **Maestro = 가장 단순 (YAML)**, **Detox = RN 친화 (gray-box)**, **Appium = native 강력하지만 무거움**.
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## 📖 핵심 개념
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- E2E: 실제 앱 빌드 + 시뮬레이터 / 디바이스 + UI 조작.
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- Gray-box (Detox): JS 와 native 사이 연결 — RN 앱 idle 대기 자동.
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- Black-box (Appium / Maestro): UI 만 보고 조작.
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- Flake: UI 비동기 — wait / retry 가 핵심.
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## 💻 코드 패턴
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### Maestro (YAML, 가장 단순)
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```yaml
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# .maestro/login.yaml
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appId: com.acme.app
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---
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- launchApp
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- tapOn: "Email"
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- inputText: "test@acme.com"
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- tapOn: "Password"
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- inputText: "password"
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- tapOn: "Sign in"
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- assertVisible: "Welcome"
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- takeScreenshot: home
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```
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```bash
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maestro test .maestro/
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maestro studio # 인터랙티브 record
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```
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### Detox (RN 친화)
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```js
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// e2e/login.test.js
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describe('Login', () => {
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beforeAll(async () => { await device.launchApp(); });
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beforeEach(async () => { await device.reloadReactNative(); });
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it('should login', async () => {
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await element(by.id('email')).typeText('test@acme.com');
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await element(by.id('password')).typeText('password');
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await element(by.id('login')).tap();
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await waitFor(element(by.id('home')))
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.toBeVisible()
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.withTimeout(5000);
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});
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});
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```
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```bash
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detox build -c ios.sim.debug
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detox test -c ios.sim.debug
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```
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### Appium (native + WebDriver)
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```ts
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import { remote } from 'webdriverio';
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const driver = await remote({
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port: 4723,
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capabilities: {
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platformName: 'iOS',
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'appium:platformVersion': '17.0',
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'appium:deviceName': 'iPhone 15',
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'appium:app': '/path/to/App.app',
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'appium:automationName': 'XCUITest',
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},
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});
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await driver.$('~email').setValue('test@acme.com');
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await driver.$('~login').click();
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const welcome = await driver.$('~Welcome');
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await welcome.waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 5000 });
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```
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### iOS native (XCUITest)
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```swift
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class LoginUITests: XCTestCase {
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func testLogin() {
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let app = XCUIApplication()
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app.launch()
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app.textFields["email"].tap()
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app.textFields["email"].typeText("a@b.com")
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app.secureTextFields["password"].typeText("pw")
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app.buttons["Sign in"].tap()
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XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Welcome"].waitForExistence(timeout: 5))
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}
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}
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```
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### Android native (Espresso)
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```kotlin
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@Test fun testLogin() {
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onView(withId(R.id.email)).perform(typeText("a@b.com"))
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onView(withId(R.id.password)).perform(typeText("pw"))
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onView(withId(R.id.login)).perform(click())
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onView(withId(R.id.welcome)).check(matches(isDisplayed()))
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}
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```
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### Flake 줄이기
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```ts
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// 명시적 wait — 임의 sleep 금지
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await waitFor(element(by.id('home'))).toBeVisible().withTimeout(10000);
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// 네트워크 mock (Detox)
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await device.setURLBlacklist(['.*analytics.*']);
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// 시간 / animation off
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await device.setStatusBar({ time: '12:00' });
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```
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### Visual regression
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```bash
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# Maestro
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- assertVisible:
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text: "Welcome"
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- takeScreenshot: home
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# 비교 = 자체 도구 (Percy, Applitools, BackstopJS)
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```
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### CI (GitHub Actions)
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```yaml
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- name: Build iOS
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run: detox build -c ios.sim.release
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- name: Test iOS
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run: detox test -c ios.sim.release --record-videos failing
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- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
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if: failure()
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with: { path: artifacts/ }
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```
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### Cloud test labs
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- BrowserStack / Sauce Labs / Firebase Test Lab — 다양 디바이스.
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- Maestro Cloud: Maestro 전용.
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## 🤔 의사결정 기준
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| 상황 | 추천 |
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|---|---|
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| RN 앱 | Detox 또는 Maestro |
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| 빠른 시작 / QA 친화 | Maestro |
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| 강력 / WebDriver 친숙 | Appium |
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| iOS native only | XCUITest |
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| Android native only | Espresso |
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| 다양 디바이스 | BrowserStack / Sauce / Firebase |
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| Visual regression | Maestro + Percy / Applitools |
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **Sleep 으로 wait**: flake 폭발. waitFor.
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- **Real network call**: 외부 의존 + flake. mock / stub.
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- **모든 path E2E**: 느림. critical path 만 (5-10).
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- **Test ID 없음 (텍스트로만 식별)**: i18n 시 깨짐.
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- **CI 만 — 로컬 안 됨**: 디버그 어려움.
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- **Snapshot 없는 실패**: 원인 추측. video / screenshot.
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- **Flaky 무시**: 1% flake 가 100 test = 매번 깨짐.
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## 🤖 LLM 활용 힌트
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- 새 RN 앱 = Maestro 시작.
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- testID 항상 부여 + waitFor.
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- CI artifact (video, screenshot) 필수.
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## 🔗 관련 문서
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- [[Mobile_CI_CD_Fastlane]]
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- [[Testing_Test_Pyramid]]
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- [[Frontend_A11y_Testing]]
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