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10_Wiki/Topics 대규모 정리: - 오류 캡처/미완성 stub 문서 227개 제거 - 교차폴더 중복 43클러스터 병합 (63파일 → redirect) - 링크명 정규화: 깨진 링크 수정·redirect 직결·개념 매핑 ~2,400건 - 카테고리 MOC 6개 신규 생성 - Graph 섹션 미해결 related-keyword 링크 10,058건 제거 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
152 lines
4.7 KiB
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152 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-storage-area-networks
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title: Storage Area Networks
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [SAN, Storage Area Network, Fibre Channel SAN]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.85
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [infrastructure, storage, san, fibre-channel, nvme-of]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: bash
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framework: linux-storage
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---
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# Storage Area Networks (SAN)
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 dedicated network 의 block-level storage — 매 servers 의 shared disk pool 의 access (LUN as local disk)"**. Fibre Channel (FC), iSCSI, NVMe-oF (over Fabrics) 의 protocol. 매 NAS (file-level) 와 대비. 2026 현재 매 NVMe/TCP, NVMe/RoCEv2 가 매 mainstream — 매 sub-100µs latency.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 protocols
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- **Fibre Channel (FC)**: 매 traditional, 32/64 Gbps, 매 dedicated hardware (HBA, FC switch).
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- **iSCSI**: 매 SCSI over TCP/IP — 매 commodity ethernet, 매 cheap.
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- **FCoE**: 매 FC over Ethernet — 매 declining.
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- **NVMe-oF**: 매 NVMe command set, 매 sub-100µs.
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- *NVMe/FC*: NVMe over Fibre Channel.
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- *NVMe/RoCEv2*: NVMe over RDMA (lossless ethernet).
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- *NVMe/TCP*: NVMe over standard TCP — 매 mainstream 2026.
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### 매 components
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- **Initiator**: 매 server (HBA / NIC).
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- **Target**: 매 storage array (LUN exposure).
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- **Fabric**: 매 FC switch / Ethernet switch.
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- **LUN (Logical Unit Number)**: 매 carved-out volume.
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- **Zoning** (FC) / **VLAN+CHAP** (iSCSI): 매 access control.
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- **Multipath I/O (MPIO)**: 매 redundant paths, 매 failover.
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### 매 SAN vs NAS vs DAS
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- **DAS**: 매 directly attached (USB, SATA) — 매 single server.
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- **NAS**: 매 file-level (NFS, SMB) — 매 shared filesystem.
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- **SAN**: 매 block-level — 매 OS 의 disk 의 보임.
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### 매 응용
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1. Enterprise virtualization (VMware vSphere VMFS).
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2. Database (Oracle ASM, SQL Server cluster).
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3. AI training (NVMe-oF flash array — Pure FlashBlade, NetApp).
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## 💻 패턴
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### Linux iSCSI initiator (open-iscsi)
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```bash
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sudo apt install open-iscsi
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sudo iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 10.0.0.10:3260
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sudo iscsiadm -m node --targetname iqn.2026-05.com.acme:lun0 \
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-p 10.0.0.10 --login
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lsblk # /dev/sdb appears as block device
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```
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### NVMe/TCP attach (Linux 6.x)
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```bash
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modprobe nvme-tcp
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nvme discover -t tcp -a 10.0.0.20 -s 4420
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nvme connect -t tcp -n nqn.2026-05.com.acme:nvme-subsys1 \
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-a 10.0.0.20 -s 4420
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nvme list # /dev/nvme1n1
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```
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### Multipath configuration (DM-Multipath)
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```bash
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# /etc/multipath.conf
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defaults {
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user_friendly_names yes
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find_multipaths yes
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path_grouping_policy multibus
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failback immediate
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}
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# Apply
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sudo multipath -r
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multipath -ll
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```
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### LVM on SAN LUN
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```bash
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sudo pvcreate /dev/mapper/mpatha
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sudo vgcreate vg_san /dev/mapper/mpatha
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sudo lvcreate -L 500G -n lv_db vg_san
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sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_san/lv_db
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```
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### CHAP authentication (iSCSI)
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```bash
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# /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
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node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP
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node.session.auth.username = iqn.2026-05.com.acme:initiator
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node.session.auth.password = <secret>
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```
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### FC zoning (Brocade-like CLI)
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```
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zonecreate "zone_db1", "10:00:00:00:c9:aa:bb:cc; 50:06:01:6a:11:22:33:44"
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cfgadd "cfg_prod", "zone_db1"
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cfgenable "cfg_prod"
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```
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### Performance test (fio)
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```bash
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fio --name=san-test --filename=/dev/mapper/mpatha \
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--rw=randread --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --numjobs=8 \
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--runtime=60 --time_based --direct=1 --group_reporting
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| Ultra-low latency, AI/HPC | NVMe-oF (RoCEv2 or TCP) |
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| Enterprise mixed workload | iSCSI 25/100 GbE |
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| Legacy VMware / Oracle | Fibre Channel (32/64 Gbps) |
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| Cloud-native | Object storage (S3) + EBS — 매 SAN 의 X |
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| Small dev/test | NFS/SMB NAS or DAS |
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**기본값**: 매 새 deployment → NVMe/TCP on 25/100 GbE. 매 FC 의 decline.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 응용: [[Virtualization]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: enterprise on-prem block storage, low-latency shared storage 의 multiple servers.
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**언제 X**: 매 cloud-native (use EBS/Persistent Disk), 매 single-server workload (DAS), 매 file sharing (NAS).
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **No multipath**: 매 single switch failure → outage.
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- **iSCSI on shared VLAN**: 매 contention. 매 dedicated VLAN/network 의 사용.
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- **No zoning**: 매 LUN 의 모든 host 의 visible — 매 corruption risk.
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- **FC for greenfield**: 매 NVMe/TCP 의 cheaper, 매 faster.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (SNIA standards; Linux NVMe-oF docs; vendor docs Pure/NetApp 2025).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — SAN protocols incl. NVMe-oF mainstream patterns |
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