2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Architecture/ISO 25010.md

id, title, category, status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, verification_status, tags, raw_sources, last_reinforced, github_commit, tech_stack

id	title	category	status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	verification_status	tags	raw_sources	last_reinforced	github_commit	tech_stack
wiki-2026-0508-iso-25010	ISO 25010	10_Wiki/Topics	verified	self	ISO/IEC 25010 ISO-IEC 25010 SQuaRE Software Quality Model	none	A	0.95	applied	architecture quality iso standards non-functional		2026-05-10	pending	language framework text iso-standard

ISO 25010

매 한 줄

"매 ISO/IEC 25010 의 software product quality 의 international standard 의 model". 매 2011 의 first edition 의 publish, 매 2023 의 revision 의 release — 매 9 quality characteristics + 31 sub-characteristics 의 hierarchy 의 통한 NFR (non-functional requirement) 의 systematic 의 분류.

매 핵심

매 9 Top-Level Characteristics (2023 edition)

1. Functional Suitability: completeness, correctness, appropriateness.
2. Performance Efficiency: time behavior, resource utilization, capacity.
3. Compatibility: co-existence, interoperability.
4. Interaction Capability (renamed from Usability in 2023): appropriateness recognizability, learnability, operability, user error protection, UI aesthetics, accessibility.
5. Reliability: maturity, availability, fault tolerance, recoverability.
6. Security: confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, accountability, authenticity, resistance.
7. Maintainability: modularity, reusability, analyzability, modifiability, testability.
8. Portability: adaptability, installability, replaceability.
9. Flexibility (new in 2023): adaptability, scalability, installability, replaceability — overlap intentional.

매 SQuaRE Family

• ISO/IEC 25000: SQuaRE Guide (umbrella).
• ISO/IEC 25010: Quality Model (this doc).
• ISO/IEC 25012: Data Quality.
• ISO/IEC 25023: Measurement of System and Software Quality.
• ISO/IEC 25040: Evaluation Process.

매 응용

1. NFR specification 의 checklist.
2. Architecture decision 의 trade-off analysis (ATAM input).
3. Acceptance criteria 의 derive.

💻 패턴

NFR Spec Template (Markdown)

## NFR — Order Service
| Characteristic | Sub | Target | Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Performance Efficiency | Time behavior | p99 < 200ms | Prometheus histogram |
| Reliability | Availability | 99.95% | Uptime checks |
| Security | Confidentiality | TLS 1.3, AES-256 at rest | Pen test |
| Maintainability | Testability | Coverage ≥ 80% | Codecov |
| Compatibility | Interoperability | OpenAPI 3.1 conformance | Spectral lint |

ADR with ISO 25010 Trade-off

# ADR-007: Adopt CQRS for Order Service

## Quality Trade-offs (ISO 25010)
- (+) Performance Efficiency — read model 의 denormalization 의 통한 query speed
- (+) Scalability (Flexibility) — read/write 의 independent scaling
- (-) Maintainability — modularity↑ but analyzability↓ (eventual consistency 의 reasoning 의 difficulty)
- (-) Reliability — availability↑ but maturity↓ (operational complexity)

Quality Attribute Scenario (SEI ATAM style)

scenario:
  attribute: Performance Efficiency
  source: User on mobile network
  stimulus: Submit order
  artifact: Order API
  environment: Normal load (1k RPS)
  response: Order persisted, confirmation returned
  measure: p99 latency ≤ 250ms, error rate < 0.1%

Test Mapping

// jest.config.ts — ISO 25010 의 test category 의 tag
export default {
  projects: [
    { displayName: 'functional-suitability', testMatch: ['**/*.spec.ts'] },
    { displayName: 'performance-efficiency', testMatch: ['**/*.perf.ts'] },
    { displayName: 'security', testMatch: ['**/*.sec.ts'] },
    { displayName: 'reliability', testMatch: ['**/*.chaos.ts'] },
  ],
};

SonarQube Mapping

# Reliability rating  → ISO Reliability
# Security rating     → ISO Security
# Maintainability     → ISO Maintainability (technical debt ratio)
# Coverage            → Maintainability/Testability
sonar.qualitygate.wait=true

매 결정 기준

상황	Approach
New product NFR	full 9-characteristic 의 checklist
Brownfield refactor	Maintainability + Reliability 의 focus
Compliance (GDPR/HIPAA)	Security 의 deep dive
Mobile/IoT	Performance Efficiency + Portability

기본값: 매 9 characteristic 의 review, 매 sprint planning 의 NFR 의 explicit 의 capture.

🔗 Graph

• 부모: Software-Quality · Non-Functional-Requirements
• 변형: ISO 25010 (alias) · (measurement)
• 응용: ATAM · ADR
• Adjacent: SonarQube

🤖 LLM 활용

언제: NFR draft 의 generation, ADR trade-off 의 articulation, missing quality attribute 의 detect. 언제 X: organizational quality threshold 의 decision (business 의 risk appetite 의 reflection 필요).

❌ 안티패턴

• Functional-only: NFR 의 ignore → 매 production 의 surprise.
• Vague targets: "fast", "secure" 의 measurable 의 X.
• Characteristic ceremony: 매 9 의 document 의 just-because, 매 unused.
• No measurement: target 의 set, 매 monitor 의 X.
• Static NFR: scaling 의 따른 target 의 update 의 X.

🧪 검증 / 중복

• Verified (ISO/IEC 25010:2023 standard, SEI quality attribute literature).
• 신뢰도 A.
• Canonical for ISO 25010 (redirect).

🕓 Changelog

날짜	변경
2026-05-08	Phase 1
2026-05-10	Manual cleanup — ISO 25010 software quality model 의 canonical full content