2nd/10_Wiki/Topic_Programming/Frontend/Composition API.md

---
id: wiki-2026-0508-composition-api
title: Composition API (Vue 3)
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Vue Composition API, setup script]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [vue, composition-api, reactivity, frontend]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: TypeScript
  framework: Vue 3
---

# Composition API (Vue 3)

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 reactive primitive 으로 logic 을 조합한다"**. Composition API 는 Vue 3 의 `setup()` / `<script setup>` 기반 model — `ref`, `reactive`, `computed`, `watch` 를 직접 import 하여 매 logic 조각을 자유 조합, 매 Options API 의 `data/methods/computed` partition 을 대체.

## 매 핵심

### 매 핵심 primitives
- `ref(v)`: 매 wraps any value, `.value` access.
- `reactive(obj)`: deep proxy — object/array 만.
- `computed(fn)`: derived ref, lazy + cached.
- `watch(src, cb)`: explicit deps + cb.
- `watchEffect(fn)`: auto-track, eager.
- `effectScope()`: manual lifecycle group.

### 매 vs Options API
| Aspect | Options | Composition |
|---|---|---|
| Logic reuse | mixins (collision-prone) | composables (clean) |
| TypeScript | OK | excellent |
| File length scaling | grows by category | grows by feature |
| Learning curve | gentle | steeper but worth it |

### 매 `<script setup>` perks
- Top-level await.
- Auto-expose for template.
- `defineProps`, `defineEmits`, `defineModel`, `defineExpose` macros.
- Compile-time optimizations (no `setup()` boilerplate).

## 💻 패턴

### Basic setup with ref + computed
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, computed } from 'vue';

const count = ref(0);
const double = computed(() => count.value * 2);
const inc = () => count.value++;
</script>

<template>
  <button @click="inc">{{ count }} (×2 = {{ double }})</button>
</template>
```

### Typed props + emits + v-model
```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
const props = defineProps<{ initial?: number }>();
const emit = defineEmits<{ change: [value: number] }>();
const model = defineModel<string>({ default: '' });
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="model" />
</template>
```

### reactive with toRefs (avoid losing reactivity)
```ts
import { reactive, toRefs } from 'vue';

export function useUser() {
  const state = reactive({ name: 'Ada', age: 36 });
  return { ...toRefs(state) }; // 매 destructurable + reactive
}
```

### watch with explicit source
```ts
import { ref, watch } from 'vue';

const query = ref('');
watch(query, async (q, _old, onCleanup) => {
  const ctrl = new AbortController();
  onCleanup(() => ctrl.abort());
  const r = await fetch(`/search?q=${q}`, { signal: ctrl.signal });
  // ...
});
```

### watchEffect (auto-track)
```ts
import { ref, watchEffect } from 'vue';

const userId = ref(1);
watchEffect(async () => {
  const r = await fetch(`/api/users/${userId.value}`);
  user.value = await r.json();
});
```

### Provide / inject (typed)
```ts
// keys.ts
import type { InjectionKey, Ref } from 'vue';
export const ThemeKey: InjectionKey<Ref<'light' | 'dark'>> = Symbol('theme');

// Parent
import { provide, ref } from 'vue';
const theme = ref<'light' | 'dark'>('dark');
provide(ThemeKey, theme);

// Child
import { inject } from 'vue';
const theme = inject(ThemeKey)!;
```

### Async setup with Suspense
```vue
<!-- Parent -->
<Suspense>
  <UserProfile :id="42" />
  <template #fallback><Skeleton /></template>
</Suspense>

<!-- UserProfile.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
const props = defineProps<{ id: number }>();
const user = await (await fetch(`/users/${props.id}`)).json();
</script>
```

### Lifecycle hooks
```ts
import { onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue';

onMounted(() => console.log('mounted'));
onUnmounted(() => console.log('cleanup'));
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| New Vue 3 project | Composition + `<script setup>` |
| Migrating from Vue 2 | Options 유지 → 점진 conversion |
| Logic reuse needed | Composable function |
| Simple 1-off component | Either OK, prefer setup for TS |

**기본값**: `<script setup>` + Composition API. Options API 는 legacy maintenance only.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Vue 3]]
- 변형: [[Vue Options API]] · [[Solid-Signals]]
- 응용: [[Composables]] · [[Pinia]] · [[Nuxt]]
- Adjacent: [[Component-Composition]] · [[TypeScript]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: Vue 3 component 작성, composable 추출, TS 강한 typing 필요.
**언제 X**: Vue 2.7 이전 — 매 backport limited.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Mixing reactive() destructure without toRefs**: loses reactivity silently.
- **Using `ref.value` in template**: 매 unwrap 자동, `.value` 의 X.
- **Excessive `watch`**: 매 computed 로 충분한 경우 매 prefer computed.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (vuejs.org official guide).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Composition API primitives + setup patterns |