2nd/10_Wiki/Topic_Programming/Architecture/Choreography.md

---
id: wiki-2026-0508-choreography
title: Choreography
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Event Choreography, Saga Choreography]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [microservices, distributed-systems, events, saga]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: typescript
  framework: kafka-temporal
---

# Choreography

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 service 가 자기 part 의 dance step 을 알고 events 으로 react — 매 central conductor 없음."**. Choreography는 distributed workflow를 events 의 emit/subscribe 로 구현하는 pattern. Orchestration 의 반대 — 매 decoupling 매 high, 매 visibility 매 low. 2026년 event-driven microservices, EDA, Saga pattern 의 핵심 선택지.

## 매 핵심

### 매 Choreography vs Orchestration
| 측면 | Choreography | Orchestration |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Distributed | Centralized (orchestrator) |
| Coupling | Low (events) | Higher (orchestrator knows all) |
| Visibility | Hard (trace tools 필요) | Easy (one workflow definition) |
| Add new step | Just subscribe | Edit orchestrator |
| Failure handling | Each service handles own | Orchestrator decides |
| Examples | Kafka events, NATS | Temporal, AWS Step Functions |

### 매 패턴 종류
- **Event-carried state transfer**: event 가 모든 필요 data 포함.
- **Event notification**: event 는 trigger only, state 는 query.
- **Saga choreography**: distributed transaction 의 compensating events.

### 매 응용
1. E-commerce order flow (OrderCreated → Payment → Shipping events).
2. User signup pipeline (UserRegistered → emails → analytics).
3. IoT event processing (sensor → multiple consumers).
4. Domain events (DDD bounded context integration).

## 💻 패턴

### Saga choreography (TypeScript + Kafka)
```typescript
// Order service
async function createOrder(req: CreateOrderRequest) {
  const order = await db.orders.insert({ ...req, status: 'pending' });
  await kafka.produce('order.created', {
    orderId: order.id,
    userId: order.userId,
    amount: order.total,
  });
  return order;
}

// Order service also listens for compensations
kafka.consume('payment.failed', async (evt) => {
  await db.orders.update(evt.orderId, { status: 'cancelled' });
  await kafka.produce('order.cancelled', { orderId: evt.orderId });
});
```

### Payment service reacts independently
```typescript
kafka.consume('order.created', async (evt) => {
  try {
    const charge = await stripe.charges.create({
      amount: evt.amount * 100,
      customer: evt.userId,
    });
    await kafka.produce('payment.succeeded', {
      orderId: evt.orderId,
      chargeId: charge.id,
    });
  } catch (err) {
    await kafka.produce('payment.failed', {
      orderId: evt.orderId,
      reason: String(err),
    });
  }
});
```

### Shipping service
```typescript
kafka.consume('payment.succeeded', async (evt) => {
  const shipment = await shippingApi.create({ orderId: evt.orderId });
  await kafka.produce('shipment.created', { ...shipment });
});
```

### Event schema (Avro / JSON Schema)
```json
{
  "type": "record",
  "name": "OrderCreated",
  "fields": [
    { "name": "orderId", "type": "string" },
    { "name": "userId", "type": "string" },
    { "name": "amount", "type": "double" },
    { "name": "createdAt", "type": "string" }
  ]
}
```

### Idempotent consumer
```typescript
async function handleOrderCreated(evt: OrderCreated) {
  // Dedup by event id
  const seen = await redis.set(
    `processed:${evt.eventId}`,
    '1',
    { NX: true, EX: 86400 },
  );
  if (!seen) return; // already processed

  await processOrder(evt);
}
```

### Distributed tracing (OTel) 매 visibility 회복
```typescript
import { trace, context, propagation } from '@opentelemetry/api';

async function publishWithTrace(topic: string, evt: any) {
  const span = trace.getActiveSpan();
  const carrier: Record<string, string> = {};
  propagation.inject(context.active(), carrier);
  await kafka.produce(topic, {
    ...evt,
    _trace: carrier,
  });
}
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Simple linear workflow | Orchestration (Temporal) |
| Many independent reactors | Choreography |
| Strong consistency 필요 | Orchestration + 2PC 또는 Temporal |
| Fan-out events | Choreography |
| Need visual workflow + retry | Orchestration |
| Event-driven domain (DDD) | Choreography |

**기본값**: 매 simple 2-3 step domain workflow → orchestration (Temporal). 매 broad fan-out + autonomous teams → choreography.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Event-Driven Architecture]] · [[Microservices]]
- 변형: [[Pub-Sub]]
- 응용: [[Broker Topology]] · [[Event Sourcing]]
- Adjacent: [[Orchestration]] · [[CQRS]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: event-driven microservice design, decoupling teams, fan-out workflows, autonomous services.
**언제 X**: short transactional flow needing visibility, strict ordering 필요한 critical financial workflows (orchestrator + Temporal 가 better).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Distributed monolith via events**: events 가 actually RPC 호출 — coupling 그대로.
- **No event versioning**: schema 변경 시 모든 consumer 깨짐 — Schema Registry 필수.
- **Lost trace**: span 이 event boundary 에서 끊김 — propagation injection 필수.
- **Implicit ordering assumption**: 매 services 가 임의 order 로 react — explicit ordering 필요 시 partition key.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Hohpe "Enterprise Integration Patterns" / Microservices.io / Confluent docs 2026).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Saga choreography + Kafka + OTel 패턴 |