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72 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
72 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: php-includes
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title: "PHP Includes"
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category: "Programming_Language"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["include vs require", "PHP 파일 포함"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.9
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created_at: 2026-07-04
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updated_at: 2026-07-04
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["php", "programming", "w3schools", "include", "require"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_includes.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[PHP Includes]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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`include` and `require` behave identically on SUCCESS but diverge sharply on FAILURE — a missing file only produces a warning with `include` (script continues, later code still runs), while the same missing file with `require` triggers a fatal error that halts script execution entirely, making the choice a statement about how critical that file is to the page working at all. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **`include 'file';`** / **`require 'file';`** — insert a file's content into the calling file. [S1]
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- **Failure behavior difference** — `include` → `E_WARNING`, script continues; `require` → `E_ERROR` (fatal), script stops. [S1]
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- **When to use `include`** — non-critical files like headers, footers, navigation menus (page can still render without them). [S1]
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- **When to use `require`** — critical files like configuration or database connections (page is meaningless without them). [S1]
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- **Included files share variable scope** — variables defined in an included file become usable in the calling file. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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- Include a footer: `<?php include 'footer.php';?>`. [S1]
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- Include a nav menu: `<div class="menu"><?php include 'menu.php';?></div>`. [S1]
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- Include shares variables: `vars.php` defines `$color='red'; $car='BMW';`; the including file can then `echo "I have a $color $car.";` after `include 'vars.php';`. [S1]
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- include on missing file (continues): `<?php include 'noFileExists.php'; echo "I have a $color $car."; ?>` — the echo still runs (with warning), though `$color`/`$car` are undefined here since the file wasn't found. [S1]
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- require on missing file (halts): `<?php require 'noFileExists.php'; echo "I have a $color $car."; ?>` — the echo NEVER executes; script dies at the require line. [S1]
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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- **실패 시 동작의 근본적 차이**: include는 경고만 내고 스크립트가 계속 실행되지만, require는 치명적 에러를 내고 스크립트 실행이 완전히 중단된다는 점이 대비 예제로 직접 증명됨. [S1]
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — 모든 페이지가 공유하는 표준 헤더/푸터/메뉴 파일을 include로 재사용하는 것이 실전 코드 재사용의 대표 패턴이다. [S1]
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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require halts execution on failure, unlike include (PHP):
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```php
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<?php require 'noFileExists.php'; // fatal error — script dies here
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echo "This line never runs.";
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?>
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```
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[PHP Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[PHP Date]], [[PHP Files]], [[PHP Variables Scope]]
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- **참조 맥락:** 코드 재사용을 위한 파일 포함 — 파일 처리(Files) 섹션으로 이어짐.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — PHP Include Files — https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_includes.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "PHP Include Files" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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