Antigravity Agent
212 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
212 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-웹-프론트엔드-성능-최적화
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title: 웹 프론트엔드 성능 최적화
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Frontend performance, Web perf, Core Web Vitals]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.95
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [performance, frontend, core-web-vitals, optimization]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: TypeScript
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framework: Next.js / Vite
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---
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# 웹 프론트엔드 성능 최적화
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 LCP/INP/CLS 의 3 metric 을 따라 image, JS, layout 을 deliberate optimize"**. 2026 매 INP (Interaction to Next Paint) 가 FID 대체 → 매 long task 의 적극 splitting. 매 RUM 으로 매 측정, lab data 의 보완.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 Core Web Vitals (2026)
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- **LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)**: ≤ 2.5s — 매 hero image/text 의 render 시간.
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- **INP (Interaction to Next Paint)**: ≤ 200ms — 매 user interaction 의 response.
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- **CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)**: ≤ 0.1 — 매 layout 안정성.
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### 매 optimization layer
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1. **Network**: HTTP/3, CDN, preload, prefetch, brotli.
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2. **JS**: code splitting, tree shake, defer, async, lazy import.
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3. **CSS**: critical CSS inline, remove unused, contain.
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4. **Image**: AVIF/WebP, responsive srcset, lazy, dimension hints.
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5. **Render**: Server Components, streaming SSR, partial hydration.
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### 매 응용
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1. Next.js App Router 매 RSC + streaming.
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2. Astro 매 island architecture.
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3. Image CDN (Cloudinary, Cloudflare Images) 매 auto format/size.
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## 💻 패턴
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### Image — 매 next/image
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```tsx
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import Image from 'next/image';
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<Image
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src="/hero.jpg"
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alt="Hero"
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width={1600}
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height={900}
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priority // 매 above-fold
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sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 80vw"
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placeholder="blur"
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blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,..."
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/>
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```
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### Code splitting — 매 dynamic import
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```typescript
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// 매 route-level: Next.js 자동
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// 매 component-level: dynamic
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import dynamic from 'next/dynamic';
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const HeavyChart = dynamic(() => import('./HeavyChart'), {
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loading: () => <Skeleton />,
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ssr: false, // 매 client-only
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});
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```
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### LCP — 매 preload critical
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```html
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<link rel="preload" as="image" href="/hero.avif"
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imagesrcset="/hero-mobile.avif 480w, /hero.avif 1600w"
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imagesizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.example.com" crossorigin>
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://analytics.example.com">
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```
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### INP — 매 long task splitting
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```typescript
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async function processLargeList(items: Item[]) {
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for (const [i, item] of items.entries()) {
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process(item);
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if (i % 50 === 0) {
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await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0)); // 매 yield
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}
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}
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}
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// 매 또는 scheduler API
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import { scheduler } from 'scheduler';
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await scheduler.yield();
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```
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### CLS — 매 dimension reserve
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```css
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/* 매 aspect-ratio */
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.thumb {
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aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
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width: 100%;
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background: #eee;
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}
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/* 매 font-display: optional → CLS 0 */
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@font-face {
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font-family: 'Inter';
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src: url('/inter.woff2') format('woff2');
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font-display: optional; /* 매 swap 매 layout shift, optional 매 안정 */
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}
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```
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### Server Components — 매 zero-JS by default
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```tsx
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// app/products/page.tsx — Server Component
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async function ProductsPage() {
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const products = await db.products.findAll();
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return (
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<ul>
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{products.map((p) => <ProductCard key={p.id} {...p} />)}
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</ul>
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);
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}
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// 매 client component 만 JS 의 hydrate
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```
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### RUM — 매 web-vitals 수집
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```typescript
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import { onLCP, onINP, onCLS } from 'web-vitals';
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function send(metric) {
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navigator.sendBeacon('/rum',
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JSON.stringify({ name: metric.name, value: metric.value, id: metric.id })
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);
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}
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onLCP(send);
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onINP(send);
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onCLS(send);
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```
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### Critical CSS — 매 inline
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```html
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<head>
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<style>
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/* 매 above-fold critical CSS — beasties/critters 등으로 추출 */
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body { margin: 0; font-family: system-ui; }
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.header { background: #fff; height: 64px; }
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</style>
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<link rel="preload" href="/main.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'">
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</head>
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```
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### Service Worker — 매 stale-while-revalidate
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```javascript
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// sw.js
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self.addEventListener('fetch', (e) => {
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if (e.request.destination === 'image') {
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e.respondWith((async () => {
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const cache = await caches.open('img-v1');
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const cached = await cache.match(e.request);
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const networked = fetch(e.request).then((res) => {
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cache.put(e.request, res.clone()); return res;
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});
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return cached || networked;
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})());
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}
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});
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| 매 hero image | priority + preload + AVIF |
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| 매 below-fold widget | dynamic import + ssr:false |
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| 매 long table | virtualization (react-window) |
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| 매 large list iteration | scheduler.yield |
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| 매 third-party script | next/script with strategy |
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**기본값**: RSC + next/image + dynamic + Web Vitals RUM.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[Web Performance]] · [[Frontend Architecture]]
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- 변형: [[INP Optimization]] · [[LCP Optimization]] · [[CLS]]
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- 응용: [[Next.js]] · [[Astro]] · [[Remix]]
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- Adjacent: [[Lighthouse]] · [[Web Vitals]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: 매 perf audit (Lighthouse JSON 분석), 매 bundle size review, 매 RUM data triage.
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**언제 X**: 매 actual measurement (lab/RUM 도구 가 더 정확).
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **모든 component client**: 매 RSC 무시 매 JS bundle 폭발.
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- **lazy load hero image**: 매 LCP 악화.
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- **fixed-pixel layout**: 매 mobile 매 CLS.
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- **synchronous third-party**: 매 main thread block.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (web.dev, Next.js docs, Chrome DevRel).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Core Web Vitals (LCP/INP/CLS), RSC, RUM 패턴 정리 |
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