2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Domain_Programming/Frontend/WebGL 20.md

id, title, category, status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, verification_status, tags, raw_sources, last_reinforced, github_commit, tech_stack

id	title	category	status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	verification_status	tags	raw_sources	last_reinforced	github_commit	tech_stack
wiki-2026-0508-webgl-20	WebGL 2.0	10_Wiki/Topics	verified	self	WebGL 2.0 WebGL2 GLES3 Web	none	A	0.9	applied	webgl graphics frontend gpu opengl-es		2026-05-10	pending	language framework JavaScript / GLSL ES 3.00 WebGL 2.0

WebGL 2.0

매 한 줄

"매 OpenGL ES 3.0 기반 매 browser 그래픽 API". 매 WebGL 1.0 (ES 2.0) 대비 매 transform feedback, 매 UBO, 매 instancing, 매 3D / array textures, 매 GLSL ES 3.00 등 매 modern feature 표준화. 매 2026 기준 매 모든 주요 browser default 지원, 매 WebGPU 으로 매 점진 이행 중이지만 매 fallback baseline.

매 핵심

매 ES 2.0 → ES 3.0 차이

• GLSL ES 3.00 — in/out, layout qualifier, integer texture.
• VAO — Vertex Array Object 표준 (1.0 은 extension).
• UBO — Uniform Buffer Object (binding point 기반 sharing).
• Instancing — drawArraysInstanced core (1.0 은 ANGLE_instanced_arrays).
• Transform feedback — vertex shader 결과 buffer 로 capture.
• MRT — Multiple Render Targets.
• 3D / 2D array textures, sampler objects.

매 응용

1. 매 GPGPU compute (transform feedback).
2. 매 Deferred shading (MRT).
3. 매 Volumetric rendering (3D texture).

💻 패턴

Context 획득

const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl2');
if (!gl) throw new Error('WebGL2 unsupported');

VAO + instancing

const vao = gl.createVertexArray();
gl.bindVertexArray(vao);
// setup attribs...
gl.vertexAttribDivisor(instanceAttribLoc, 1); // 1 per instance
gl.drawArraysInstanced(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6, instanceCount);

UBO

#version 300 es
layout(std140) uniform Camera {
  mat4 view;
  mat4 proj;
};

const ubo = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo);
gl.bufferData(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, 128, gl.DYNAMIC_DRAW);
gl.bindBufferBase(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, ubo);
const idx = gl.getUniformBlockIndex(program, 'Camera');
gl.uniformBlockBinding(program, idx, 0);

Transform feedback

gl.transformFeedbackVaryings(program, ['v_position'], gl.SEPARATE_ATTRIBS);
gl.linkProgram(program);

const tfBuf = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, tfBuf);
gl.bufferData(gl.TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, byteLen, gl.DYNAMIC_COPY);
gl.bindBufferBase(gl.TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, 0, tfBuf);

gl.enable(gl.RASTERIZER_DISCARD);
gl.beginTransformFeedback(gl.POINTS);
gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, 0, count);
gl.endTransformFeedback();
gl.disable(gl.RASTERIZER_DISCARD);

MRT

gl.drawBuffers([
  gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, // diffuse
  gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, // normal
  gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT2, // depth/spec
]);

3D texture

gl.texImage3D(gl.TEXTURE_3D, 0, gl.R8, w, h, d, 0, gl.RED, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);

매 결정 기준

상황	API
광범위 호환 / 단순	WebGL 1 + 매 fallback
Modern feature 필요	WebGL 2
Compute / 매 advanced	WebGPU
Library 사용	Three.js / Babylon.js (auto-detect)

기본값: 매 2026 신규 프로젝트 — WebGPU 가능하면 WebGPU, 아니면 WebGL 2 + WEBGL_multi_draw.

🔗 Graph

• 부모: WebGL · OpenGL ES
• 변형: WebGPU
• 응용: Three.js · Babylonjs · CesiumJS
• Adjacent: WEBGL_multi_draw · GLSL

🤖 LLM 활용

언제: 매 boilerplate (VAO/UBO setup), 매 GLSL 변환 (ES 2 → ES 3). 언제 X: 매 driver-specific bug — 매 매 platform test 필요.

❌ 안티패턴

• #version 300 es 누락: 매 WebGL2 shader 인데 매 ES 2 syntax.
• VAO 미사용: 매 매 draw 마다 attrib 재바인딩 — 매 perf 손실.
• UBO 정렬 무시: 매 std140 padding 안 맞춰 매 silent 손상.
• Loss of context 무시: 매 GPU reset / 매 tab background — 매 webglcontextlost 핸들링 필수.

🧪 검증 / 중복

• Verified (Khronos WebGL 2.0 spec, MDN WebGL2RenderingContext).
• 신뢰도 A.

🕓 Changelog

날짜	변경
2026-05-08	Phase 1
2026-05-10	Manual cleanup — VAO/UBO/TF/MRT 패턴 + WebGPU 비교