2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/DevOps_and_Security/유스케이스 (Use Cases).md

---
id: wiki-2026-0508-유스케이스-use-cases
title: 유스케이스 (Use Cases)
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Use Cases, 유스케이스, Use Case Analysis]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [requirements, analysis, uml, agile, design]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: any
  framework: any
---

# 유스케이스 (Use Cases)

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 actor 가 매 system 의 의 의 의 achieve 의 의 의 goal 의 의 narrative"**. 매 Ivar Jacobson (1986) 가 의 의 OOSE 의 의 의 introduce 의 requirement engineering 의 의 의 핵심 의 의 의 artifact. 매 2026 — 매 Clean Architecture 의 의 application layer 의 의 의 first-class 의 building block.

## 매 핵심

### 매 구성 요소
- **Actor** — 매 system 외부 entity (user, system, time).
- **Goal** — 매 actor 의 의 achieve 의 want 의 outcome.
- **Scenario** — 매 step-by-step 의 flow.
- **Precondition / Postcondition** — 매 state 의 boundary.
- **Extensions** — 매 alternate 의 exception flow.

### 매 Use case 의 levels (Cockburn)
1. **Cloud** — 매 strategic 의 vague.
2. **Kite** — 매 summary level.
3. **Sea** — 매 user goal (most common).
4. **Fish** — 매 sub-function.
5. **Clam** — 매 too low / implementation detail.

### 매 vs User Story
- Use case — 매 흐름 의 narrative 의 detailed.
- User story — 매 한 줄 의 "As a X, I want Y, so that Z".
- 매 Agile — 매 user story; 매 enterprise — 매 use case.

### 매 Use case 의 Clean Architecture 의 의 의 manifestation
- 매 application layer 의 의 의 한 use case = 한 class.
- 매 input port (request) + output port (response).
- 매 framework / DB 의 의 의 independence.

## 💻 패턴

### 매 Use case template (Cockburn)
```markdown
# UC-007: Place Order

**Primary Actor**: Customer
**Goal**: Submit order and receive confirmation
**Precondition**: User authenticated, cart non-empty
**Postcondition (success)**: Order persisted, payment authorized
**Postcondition (failure)**: Cart unchanged

## Main Success Scenario
1. Customer reviews cart
2. Customer enters shipping address
3. Customer selects payment method
4. System calculates total (items + tax + shipping)
5. Customer confirms
6. System charges payment
7. System creates order
8. System sends confirmation email

## Extensions
6a. Payment declined:
   6a1. System notifies customer
   6a2. Return to step 3
7a. Inventory unavailable:
   7a1. System refunds payment
   7a2. System notifies customer
```

### 매 Clean Architecture 의 의 의 use case (Java)
```java
public interface PlaceOrder {
    Result execute(Request req);

    record Request(UUID userId, List<Item> items, Address ship) {}
    sealed interface Result {
        record Success(UUID orderId) implements Result {}
        record PaymentFailed(String reason) implements Result {}
        record OutOfStock(List<UUID> skus) implements Result {}
    }
}

@Component
class PlaceOrderInteractor implements PlaceOrder {
    private final OrderRepo orders;
    private final PaymentGateway pay;
    private final InventoryService inv;

    @Override
    public Result execute(Request req) {
        var unavailable = inv.check(req.items());
        if (!unavailable.isEmpty()) return new OutOfStock(unavailable);

        var charge = pay.charge(req.userId(), total(req));
        if (charge.failed()) return new PaymentFailed(charge.reason());

        var order = Order.create(req);
        orders.save(order);
        return new Success(order.id());
    }
}
```

### 매 Use case diagram (PlantUML)
```plantuml
@startuml
left to right direction
actor Customer
actor Admin
rectangle Shop {
  Customer --> (Browse Catalog)
  Customer --> (Place Order)
  Customer --> (Track Shipment)
  (Place Order) ..> (Charge Payment) : <<include>>
  (Place Order) ..> (Apply Discount) : <<extend>>
  Admin --> (Manage Inventory)
}
@enduml
```

### 매 User story 의 의 의 의 mapping
```markdown
# Story
As a Customer
I want to place an order
So that I receive my purchase

## Acceptance Criteria (Gherkin)
Given I have items in my cart
When I confirm checkout with valid payment
Then the order is created
And I receive a confirmation email
```

### 매 Test 의 의 use case 별
```java
@Test
void placeOrder_success() {
    when(inv.check(any())).thenReturn(List.of());
    when(pay.charge(any(), any())).thenReturn(Charge.ok());

    var result = useCase.execute(req);

    assertInstanceOf(Success.class, result);
    verify(orders).save(any());
}

@Test
void placeOrder_paymentFails() {
    when(pay.charge(any(), any())).thenReturn(Charge.declined("insufficient"));

    var result = useCase.execute(req);

    assertInstanceOf(PaymentFailed.class, result);
    verify(orders, never()).save(any());
}
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| 매 enterprise / regulated | 매 Cockburn full template |
| 매 agile / startup | 매 User story + acceptance criteria |
| 매 Clean Arch impl | 매 Interactor pattern (interface + class) |
| 매 stakeholder communication | 매 Use case diagram (high-level) |

**기본값**: 매 Sea-level use case + Cockburn template (extensions essential) → 매 Interactor.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[요구사항 분석]] · [[UML]]
- 변형: [[User Story]] · [[Job Stories]]
- 응용: [[Clean Architecture]] · [[Hexagonal Architecture]]
- Adjacent: [[BDD]] · [[Domain-Driven Design]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 새 feature 의 design — 매 main flow + extension 의 enumerate.
**언제 X**: 매 매 algorithm / library 의 internal — 매 use case 의 의 user-facing.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **CRUD use case**: 매 "Create User", "Update User" — 매 implementation 의 leak.
- **No extensions**: 매 happy path 의 만 — 매 edge case 의 의 miss.
- **Too low level**: 매 "Click button" — 매 fish/clam.
- **God use case**: 매 한 use case 의 의 의 모든 의 cover.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified — Alistair Cockburn, *Writing Effective Use Cases* (2000); Robert C. Martin, *Clean Architecture*; Ivar Jacobson, *OOSE*.
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Cockburn template + Clean Arch interactor |