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10_Wiki/Topics 대규모 정리: - 오류 캡처/미완성 stub 문서 227개 제거 - 교차폴더 중복 43클러스터 병합 (63파일 → redirect) - 링크명 정규화: 깨진 링크 수정·redirect 직결·개념 매핑 ~2,400건 - 카테고리 MOC 6개 신규 생성 - Graph 섹션 미해결 related-keyword 링크 10,058건 제거 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
155 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
155 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-반응형-디자인
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title: 반응형 디자인
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Responsive Design, RWD, Responsive Web Design]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [css, responsive, layout, media-query, container-query]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: CSS
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framework: Web
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---
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# 반응형 디자인
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 single codebase 가 phone / tablet / laptop / TV 까지 fluidly 적응한다"**. 2010년 Ethan Marcotte 의 *Responsive Web Design* article 에서 기원, 매 fluid grid + flexible media + media query 의 3 pillar. 2026 modern stack 에서는 매 container query + `clamp()` + `dvh` unit + logical property 가 매 추가.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 3 pillar (classic 2010)
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- **Fluid grid**: % / fr 단위, 매 fixed px 안 씀.
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- **Flexible media**: `max-width: 100%`, `<picture>`, `srcset`.
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- **Media query**: `@media (min-width: 768px)` breakpoint.
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### 매 modern additions (2024~)
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- **Container query** `@container (min-width: 400px)`: 매 component-level responsive.
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- **`clamp(min, preferred, max)`**: 매 fluid typography / spacing.
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- **`dvh` / `svh` / `lvh`**: dynamic viewport height (mobile address bar 대응).
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- **Logical property** `inline-size` / `block-size` / `margin-inline`: RTL / vertical writing 대응.
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- **`@media (prefers-color-scheme)` / `(prefers-reduced-motion)`**: user preference adaptation.
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### 매 응용
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1. Mobile-first CSS architecture.
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2. Component-level responsive (card → list 변형).
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3. Adaptive image delivery (`srcset` + `sizes`).
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## 💻 패턴
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### Mobile-first media query
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```css
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/* 매 base = mobile */
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.card { padding: 12px; font-size: 14px; }
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/* 매 tablet+ */
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@media (min-width: 768px) {
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.card { padding: 24px; font-size: 16px; }
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}
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/* 매 desktop+ */
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@media (min-width: 1280px) {
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.card { padding: 32px; font-size: 18px; }
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}
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```
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### Fluid typography (clamp)
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```css
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/* 매 320px → 14px, 1280px → 22px, 사이는 linearly */
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h1 { font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 1rem + 2vw, 2.2rem); }
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.container { padding-inline: clamp(16px, 4vw, 64px); }
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```
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### Container query (component-level)
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```css
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.card-container { container-type: inline-size; }
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.card { display: block; }
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@container (min-width: 400px) {
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.card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; gap: 16px; }
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}
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```
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### Responsive image with srcset
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```html
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<picture>
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<source media="(min-width: 1280px)" srcset="hero-1920.webp" />
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<source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="hero-1024.webp" />
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<img src="hero-640.webp"
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srcset="hero-640.webp 640w, hero-1024.webp 1024w, hero-1920.webp 1920w"
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sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw"
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alt="hero" loading="lazy" />
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</picture>
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```
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### CSS Grid auto-fit (zero-media-query)
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```css
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/* 매 column count 자동 — breakpoint 불필요 */
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.grid {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
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gap: 16px;
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}
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```
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### Dynamic viewport height (mobile)
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```css
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/* 매 100vh 는 mobile address bar 때문에 jump. dvh 가 답 */
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.hero { height: 100dvh; } /* dynamic — bar 보일 때 줄어듦 */
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.modal { height: 100svh; } /* small — 항상 minimum */
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```
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### prefers-color-scheme
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```css
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:root { --bg: #fff; --fg: #000; }
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@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
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:root { --bg: #0a0a0a; --fg: #fafafa; }
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}
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body { background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); }
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| 단순 page-level layout | media query (mobile-first) |
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| component reuse 다양한 context | container query |
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| typography / spacing scale | `clamp()` |
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| grid column count 자동 | `repeat(auto-fit, minmax(...))` |
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| mobile full-height | `dvh` (not `vh`) |
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**기본값**: 매 mobile-first + `clamp()` + container query 조합.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[Frontend_Performance]]
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- 변형: [[Container_Queries]] · [[Mobile-First]]
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- 응용: [[Fluid_Typography]] · [[CSS_Grid]]
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- Adjacent: [[Tailwind_CSS]] · [[Dark_Mode]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: cross-device CSS / layout, mobile/tablet/desktop adaptation, fluid typography 설계.
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**언제 X**: print-only stylesheet, native mobile (그건 platform layout system).
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **`100vh` 그대로 mobile 사용**: 매 address bar bounce. `dvh` 사용.
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- **fixed pixel breakpoint 만 사용**: 매 device-class 잡기 어려움. content-driven breakpoint 권장.
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- **media query 만 사용**: 매 component reuse 시 context-blind. container query 필요.
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- **`!important` 로 mobile override**: 매 specificity hell.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (Ethan Marcotte 원 article, MDN container query, web.dev responsive design guide).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — RWD 3 pillars + 2024+ container query / clamp / dvh patterns |
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