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10_Wiki/Topics 대규모 정리: - 오류 캡처/미완성 stub 문서 227개 제거 - 교차폴더 중복 43클러스터 병합 (63파일 → redirect) - 링크명 정규화: 깨진 링크 수정·redirect 직결·개념 매핑 ~2,400건 - 카테고리 MOC 6개 신규 생성 - Graph 섹션 미해결 related-keyword 링크 10,058건 제거 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
200 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
200 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-dynamic-theming
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title: Dynamic Theming
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Theming, Dark Mode, CSS Variables Theming]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [frontend, css, theming, design-system]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: TypeScript
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framework: React
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---
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# Dynamic Theming
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 design token 을 runtime swap 할 수 있는 architecture"**. CSS custom properties (variables) 가 매 modern theming 의 backbone 이며, JS bundle 의 무관 하게 instant theme switching 의 가능. 2026 의 light/dark/high-contrast/brand-variant 의 매 standard.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 3-layer token 구조
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- **Primitive tokens**: raw values (`--blue-500: #3B82F6`).
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- **Semantic tokens**: intent-based (`--color-primary: var(--blue-500)`).
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- **Component tokens**: scope-specific (`--button-bg: var(--color-primary)`).
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### 매 swap 메커니즘
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- `data-theme="dark"` 속성 의 `<html>` element 의 set.
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- CSS 의 `[data-theme="dark"] { --color-bg: #0a0a0a }` 의 override.
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- 매 zero JS re-render — 매 paint cycle 만 trigger.
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### 매 응용
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1. Light/dark mode toggle.
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2. Brand white-labeling (multi-tenant SaaS).
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3. Accessibility (high-contrast, reduced-motion variant).
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4. Per-user customization (saved theme preference).
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## 💻 패턴
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### Token 정의 (CSS)
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```css
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:root {
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/* Primitive */
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--blue-500: #3B82F6;
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--gray-900: #111827;
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--gray-50: #F9FAFB;
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/* Semantic — light default */
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--color-bg: var(--gray-50);
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--color-fg: var(--gray-900);
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--color-primary: var(--blue-500);
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}
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[data-theme="dark"] {
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--color-bg: var(--gray-900);
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--color-fg: var(--gray-50);
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}
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[data-theme="high-contrast"] {
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--color-bg: #000;
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--color-fg: #fff;
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--color-primary: #ffff00;
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}
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```
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### Theme provider (React 19)
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```tsx
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import { createContext, use, useEffect, useState } from "react";
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type Theme = "light" | "dark" | "system";
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const ThemeCtx = createContext<{ theme: Theme; set: (t: Theme) => void }>(null!);
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export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
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const [theme, setTheme] = useState<Theme>(
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() => (localStorage.getItem("theme") as Theme) ?? "system"
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);
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useEffect(() => {
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const resolved =
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theme === "system"
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? matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "dark" : "light"
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: theme;
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document.documentElement.dataset.theme = resolved;
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localStorage.setItem("theme", theme);
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}, [theme]);
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return <ThemeCtx value={{ theme, set: setTheme }}>{children}</ThemeCtx>;
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}
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export const useTheme = () => use(ThemeCtx);
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```
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### FOUC 방지 (inline script)
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```html
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<!-- <head> 의 first script — render-blocking 의 의도적 -->
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<script>
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(function () {
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const t = localStorage.getItem("theme") || "system";
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const resolved = t === "system"
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? (matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "dark" : "light")
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: t;
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document.documentElement.dataset.theme = resolved;
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})();
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</script>
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```
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### Tailwind 4 의 통합
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```css
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@import "tailwindcss";
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@theme {
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--color-bg: var(--bg);
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--color-fg: var(--fg);
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}
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:root { --bg: #fff; --fg: #111; }
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[data-theme="dark"] { --bg: #0a0a0a; --fg: #f5f5f5; }
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```
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```tsx
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<div className="bg-bg text-fg">매 theme-aware</div>
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```
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### System preference 의 listen
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```ts
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const mq = matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)");
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mq.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
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if (localStorage.getItem("theme") === "system") {
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document.documentElement.dataset.theme = e.matches ? "dark" : "light";
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}
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});
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```
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### View Transitions API (smooth swap)
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```ts
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function toggleTheme() {
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if (!document.startViewTransition) {
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flipTheme();
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return;
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}
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document.startViewTransition(() => flipTheme());
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}
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```
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```css
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::view-transition-old(root),
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::view-transition-new(root) {
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animation-duration: 250ms;
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}
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```
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### Brand variant (multi-tenant)
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```css
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[data-brand="acme"] { --color-primary: #FF6B35; }
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[data-brand="globex"] { --color-primary: #2EB872; }
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| Static site / blog | CSS variable + `data-theme` |
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| SaaS multi-tenant | CSS variable + brand attribute layer |
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| RN / Native | Theme context + StyleSheet (no CSS vars) |
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| Tailwind 의 사용 | Tailwind 4 `@theme` + CSS variable |
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| Email template | Inline styles + `prefers-color-scheme` media query |
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**기본값**: CSS custom properties + `data-theme` attribute + inline FOUC script.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[CSS_Architecture_and_Styling|CSS Architecture]] · [[Design Tokens]]
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- 변형: [[Tailwind CSS 4]] · [[CSS_Architecture_and_Styling|CSS-in-JS]]
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- 응용: [[Dark Mode]] · [[Accessibility (a11y)]]
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- Adjacent: [[View Transitions API]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: design token system 의 설계, dark mode 구현, multi-brand theming.
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**언제 X**: simple 의 single-color brand 의 — 매 over-engineering.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **JS-only theme**: setState 의 모든 component re-render — 매 slow 의.
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- **Hard-coded color in component**: token 의 bypass — 매 swap 불가능.
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- **No FOUC script**: hydration 전 wrong theme flash — 매 jarring UX.
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- **Theme 의 localStorage 의만 의존**: SSR 의 server-render mismatch.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (MDN, web.dev, Tailwind CSS docs, Adobe Spectrum 의 token system).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — 3-layer token + FOUC + View Transitions 추가 |
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