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84 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
84 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: python-scope
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title: "Python Scope"
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category: "Programming_Language"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["LEGB rule", "nonlocal", "파이썬 스코프"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.9
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created_at: 2026-07-04
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updated_at: 2026-07-04
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["python", "programming", "w3schools", "scope", "global", "nonlocal", "legb"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_scope.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[Python Scope]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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Python resolves a variable name by searching Local → Enclosing → Global → Built-in scopes in that order (the LEGB rule), and `global`/`nonlocal` are the two keywords that let inner code write to an outer scope instead of shadowing it. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **Scope** — the region where a variable is accessible. [S1]
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- **Local scope** — a variable created inside a function is only usable inside that function (and functions nested within it). [S1]
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- **Global scope** — a variable created at the top level of a module is usable everywhere. [S1]
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- **Same-name shadowing** — a local variable with the same name as a global one is treated as a SEPARATE variable — the local one shadows the global inside the function, without affecting the global. [S1]
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- **`global` keyword** — lets a function create or modify a variable in the global scope. [S1]
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- **`nonlocal` keyword** — lets a nested function modify a variable belonging to its enclosing (outer) function, not the module-level global scope. [S1]
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- **LEGB rule** — name resolution order: Local → Enclosing → Global → Built-in. [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **`global` vs `nonlocal` target different levels** — `global` reaches all the way to module scope; `nonlocal` reaches only the nearest enclosing FUNCTION scope, not the module — picking the wrong one is a common source of `SyntaxError` or silent shadowing. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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- Local scope: `def myfunc(): x = 300; print(x)` — x unavailable outside. [S1]
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- Global scope: `x = 300; def myfunc(): print(x); myfunc(); print(x)`. [S1]
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- Shadowing: `x = 300; def myfunc(): x = 200; print(x); myfunc(); print(x)` — prints 200 then 300. [S1]
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- `global` to modify: `def myfunc(): global x; x = 200; myfunc(); print(x)`. [S1]
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- `nonlocal` to modify enclosing scope: `def myfunc1(): x = "Jane"; def myfunc2(): nonlocal x; x = "hello"; myfunc2(); return x`. [S1]
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- LEGB demonstration: nested `outer()`/`inner()` each define `x`; each print shows the scope-appropriate value. [S1]
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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소스에서 모순되는 정보는 발견되지 않음.
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — Decorators 챕터의 클로저(inner function이 outer function의 변수를 참조하는 패턴)가 이 Enclosing 스코프 개념에 직접 의존한다. [S1]
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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nonlocal modifies the enclosing function's variable (Python):
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```python
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def myfunc1():
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x = "Jane"
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def myfunc2():
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nonlocal x
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x = "hello"
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myfunc2()
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return x
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print(myfunc1()) # hello
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```
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[Python Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[Python Global Variables]], [[Python Decorators]], [[Python Lambda]]
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- **참조 맥락:** 변수 이름 해석 규칙(LEGB)의 기초 — 데코레이터/클로저 이해에 필수.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — Python Scope — https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_scope.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "Python Scope" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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