docs(10_Wiki): Topic_Business/General/Graphic/Programming을 Topics/ 하위로 이동

최상위 10_Wiki/Topic_*였던 4개 카테고리 폴더를 10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_* 로 재배치.
콘텐츠 변경 없음(순수 폴더 이동) — Topics/ 하위 나머지 폴더는 이미 지난 커밋에서
전부 정리된 상태(잔존 항목은 에이전트 운영 상태 및 사용자가 보존을 요청한
업데이트0615/무제 3.canvas 뿐).

10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_Programming/Topic_C/C_Math.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+id: c-math
+title: "C Math Functions"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["math.h", "sqrt ceil floor pow", "C 수학 함수"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.83
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["c", "programming-language", "w3schools", "math", "math.h"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_math.php"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[C Math Functions]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+`ceil()` and `floor()` both return a `float`/`double`, NOT an `int` — printing `ceil(1.4)` with `%f` still shows a decimal-formatted result (`2.000000`), meaning "rounding" in C's math library doesn't convert the value to an integer type; it just replaces the fractional part while preserving the floating-point representation, so further formatting or casting is still the caller's job. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **`<math.h>`** — required header for math functions beyond basic arithmetic operators. [S1]
+- **`sqrt(x)`** — returns the square root of `x`. [S1]
+- **`ceil(x)`** — rounds UP to the nearest integer value (still returned as a float/double). [S1]
+- **`floor(x)`** — rounds DOWN to the nearest integer value (still returned as a float/double). [S1]
+- **`pow(x, y)`** — returns x raised to the power of y (xʸ). [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Square root: `printf("%f", sqrt(16));`. [S1]
+- Rounding up vs down on the same value: `printf("%f", ceil(1.4)); printf("%f", floor(1.4));` — ceil gives 2.000000, floor gives 1.000000. [S1]
+- Exponentiation: `printf("%f", pow(4, 3));` — 4³ = 64. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- 현재까지 발견된 모순 사항 없음 (No contradictions found in available sources).
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — sqrt/ceil/floor/pow는 게임 로직이나 그래픽 계산 등에서 흔히 결합해 쓰이는 기본 수학 함수 집합이다. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+Rounding up and down, both still returned as floating-point values (C):
+```c
+#include <math.h>
+printf("%f", ceil(1.4));  // 2.000000
+printf("%f", floor(1.4)); // 1.000000
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.83
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[C Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[C Strings Functions]], [[C Random Numbers]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 수학 함수 — 난수 생성(Random Numbers) 챕터로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — C Math Functions — https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_math.php
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C Math Functions" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).