2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_Programming/Topic_C/C_Math.md

id, title, category, status, verification_status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, created_at, updated_at, review_reason, merge_history, tags, raw_sources, applied_in, github_commit

id	title	category	status	verification_status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	created_at	updated_at	review_reason	merge_history	tags	raw_sources	applied_in	github_commit
c-math	C Math Functions	Programming_Language	draft	conceptual		math.h sqrt ceil floor pow C 수학 함수		B	0.83	2026-07-04	2026-07-04			c programming-language w3schools math math.h	https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_math.php

C Math Functions

🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)

ceil() and floor() both return a float/double, NOT an int — printing ceil(1.4) with %f still shows a decimal-formatted result (2.000000), meaning "rounding" in C's math library doesn't convert the value to an integer type; it just replaces the fractional part while preserving the floating-point representation, so further formatting or casting is still the caller's job. [S1]

🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)

• <math.h> — required header for math functions beyond basic arithmetic operators. [S1]
• sqrt(x) — returns the square root of x. [S1]
• ceil(x) — rounds UP to the nearest integer value (still returned as a float/double). [S1]
• floor(x) — rounds DOWN to the nearest integer value (still returned as a float/double). [S1]
• pow(x, y) — returns x raised to the power of y (xʸ). [S1]

📖 세부 내용 (Details)

• Square root: printf("%f", sqrt(16));. [S1]
• Rounding up vs down on the same value: printf("%f", ceil(1.4)); printf("%f", floor(1.4)); — ceil gives 2.000000, floor gives 1.000000. [S1]
• Exponentiation: printf("%f", pow(4, 3)); — 4³ = 64. [S1]

⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)

• 현재까지 발견된 모순 사항 없음 (No contradictions found in available sources).

🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)

현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — sqrt/ceil/floor/pow는 게임 로직이나 그래픽 계산 등에서 흔히 결합해 쓰이는 기본 수학 함수 집합이다. [S1]

💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)

Rounding up and down, both still returned as floating-point values (C):

#include <math.h>
printf("%f", ceil(1.4));  // 2.000000
printf("%f", floor(1.4)); // 1.000000

✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도

• 상태: draft
• 검증 단계: conceptual
• 출처 신뢰도: B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
• 신뢰 점수: 0.83
• 중복 검사 결과: 신규 생성 (New discovery)

🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)

• 상위/루트: C Tutorial
• 관련 개념: C Strings Functions, C Random Numbers
• 참조 맥락: 수학 함수 — 난수 생성(Random Numbers) 챕터로 이어짐.

📚 출처 (Sources)

• [S1] W3Schools — C Math Functions — https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_math.php

📝 변경 이력 (Change history)

• 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C Math Functions" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).