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title

CSS Pseudo-classes

🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)

A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword added to a selector to define a style for a special state of an element — such as hover, focus, visited links, or position within the document tree. [S1]

🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)

Definition — a CSS pseudo-class is a keyword that can be added to a selector, to define a style for a special state of an element. [S1]
Syntax — a single colon followed by the pseudo-class name, attached to a selector. [S1]
Common use cases — styling on mouse hover, distinguishing visited vs unvisited links, focus states, and form validation states. [S1]
Interactive pseudo-classes — respond to user actions: :hover, :focus, :active, :link, :visited. [S1]
Structural pseudo-classes — select based on document-tree position: :first-child, :last-child, :nth-child(n), :lang(). [S1]

🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)

State-based styling — append :state to a selector to style a transient or contextual condition rather than a static element. [S1]
Two families — interactive (user-driven) vs structural (position-driven) pseudo-classes cover the two broad selection needs. [S1]

📖 세부 내용 (Details)

What is a pseudo-class? A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword that can be added to a selector, to define a style for a special state of an element. [S1]

Syntax [S1]

selector:pseudo-class-name {
  CSS properties
}

Common use cases The page identifies common applications including styling on mouse hover, distinguishing visited versus unvisited links, focus states, and form validation states. [S1]

Interactive pseudo-classes (respond to user actions) [S1]

:hover — when the mouse is over an element.
:focus — when an element has focus.
:active — when an element is being activated.
:link — unvisited links.
:visited — visited links.

Structural pseudo-classes (select by document-tree position) [S1]

:first-child — first child of a parent.
:last-child — last child of a parent.
:nth-child(n) — the nth child of a parent.
:lang() — elements with a specific language.

All CSS Pseudo-classes (reference table) Not found in source — the tutorial page links to the separate "CSS Pseudo-classes Reference" for the complete list rather than embedding the full table. [S1]

🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)

The page describes (rather than ships full code for) common applications: hover styling, visited/unvisited link distinction, focus states, and form-validation states. Detailed worked examples live on the linked interactive and structural pseudo-class pages. No external project/commit applications found in the source.

💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)

General pseudo-class syntax (language: CSS):

selector:pseudo-class-name {
  CSS properties
}

⚖️ 비교 및 선택 기준 (Comparison & decision criteria)

Interactive vs structural — choose an interactive pseudo-class (:hover, :focus, :active, :link, :visited) to react to user actions or link state; choose a structural pseudo-class (:first-child, :last-child, :nth-child(n), :lang()) to select by position in the document tree. [S1]

⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)

No contradictions found in the source.

✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도

상태: draft
검증 단계: conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
출처 신뢰도: B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
신뢰 점수: 0.85
중복 검사 결과: 신규 생성 (New discovery)

🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)

상위/루트: CSS Tutorial
관련 개념: CSS Interactive Pseudo-classes, CSS Combinators, CSS Selectors, CSS Pseudo-elements
참조 맥락: The entry point for styling special element states (hover/focus/link) and structural positions.

📚 출처 (Sources)

[S1] W3Schools — CSS Pseudo-classes — https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_pseudo_classes.asp

📝 변경 이력 (Change history)

2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "CSS Pseudo-classes" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).

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