2nd/10_Wiki/Topic_Programming/Topic_CPP/CPP_Function_Structures.md

id, title, category, status, verification_status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, created_at, updated_at, review_reason, merge_history, tags, raw_sources, applied_in, github_commit

id	title	category	status	verification_status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	created_at	updated_at	review_reason	merge_history	tags	raw_sources	applied_in	github_commit
cpp-function-structures	C++ Pass Structures to a Function	Programming_Language	draft	conceptual		pass by value struct pass by reference struct C++ 구조체를 함수로 전달		B	0.86	2026-07-04	2026-07-04			cpp programming-language w3schools functions structs	https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_function_structures.asp

CPP Pass Structures to a Function

🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)

Passing a struct WITHOUT & gives the function a full COPY — mutating it inside the function leaves the caller's original untouched — while passing it WITH & gives the function the ORIGINAL, letting c.year++; permanently increment the caller's struct field, meaning the exact same & reference syntax from the Pass By Reference chapter extends naturally to entire structs, not just primitive types like int/string. [S1]

🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)

• Pass by value (default) — void myFunction(Car c) gives the function a COPY of the struct; modifying c inside the function does NOT affect the caller's original. [S1]
• Pass by reference (Car &c) — gives the function the ORIGINAL struct; modifications inside the function DO persist in the caller. [S1]
• When to use reference — to let the function change the struct's data, OR to avoid copying large structures (performance). [S1]

📖 세부 내용 (Details)

• Pass by value — original unaffected: struct Car { string brand; int year; }; void myFunction(Car c) { cout << "Brand: " << c.brand << ", Year: " << c.year << "\n"; } Car myCar = {"Toyota", 2020}; myFunction(myCar); // myCar unchanged after this call. [S1]
• Pass by reference — original mutated: void updateYear(Car &c) { c.year++; } Car myCar = {"Toyota", 2020}; updateYear(myCar); cout << myCar.year; // 2021 — the original was incremented. [S1]

⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)

• 값 전달과 참조 전달의 결과 차이: & 없이 구조체를 전달하면 함수는 복사본을 받아 원본이 바뀌지 않지만, &를 붙이면 원본 자체를 받아 함수 안의 변경이 그대로 유지된다는 점이 year++ 예제로 직접 대비되어 증명됨. [S1]

🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)

자동차 구조체의 연식(year)을 참조로 전달받아 함수 안에서 1씩 증가시키고 그 변경이 원본에 반영되는 updateYear() 예제가 원문에서 직접 실전 활용 사례로 제시됨. [S1]

💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)

Passing a struct by reference so the function can permanently modify it (C++):

struct Car {
  string brand;
  int year;
};
void updateYear(Car &c) {
  c.year++;
}
int main() {
  Car myCar = {"Toyota", 2020};
  updateYear(myCar);
  cout << "The " << myCar.brand << " is now from year " << myCar.year << "."; // 2021
  return 0;
}

✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도

• 상태: draft
• 검증 단계: conceptual
• 출처 신뢰도: B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
• 신뢰 점수: 0.86
• 중복 검사 결과: 신규 생성 (New discovery)

🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)

• 상위/루트: C++ Tutorial
• 관련 개념: CPP Function Reference, CPP Functions Recursion, CPP Structs
• 참조 맥락: 구조체를 함수로 전달 — 재귀(Functions Recursion) 챕터로 이어짐.

📚 출처 (Sources)

• [S1] W3Schools — C++ Pass Structures to a Function — https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_function_structures.asp

📝 변경 이력 (Change history)

• 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C++ Pass Structures to a Function" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).