2nd/10_Wiki/Topic_Programming/Coding/Node_Streams_Patterns.md

id, title, category, status, source_trust_level, verification_status, created_at, updated_at, tags, tech_stack, applied_in, aliases

id	title	category	status	source_trust_level	verification_status	created_at	updated_at	tags	tech_stack	applied_in	aliases
node-streams-patterns	Node Streams — Readable / Writable / Transform / Web Streams	Coding	draft	B	conceptual	2026-05-09	2026-05-09	node streams async-iterator vibe-coding	language applicable_to TS / Node Backend		Readable Writable Transform pipeline async iterator Web Streams ReadableStream

Node Streams

큰 파일 / 무한 데이터 = stream. pipeline() + async iterator + Web Streams 가 modern. Backpressure 자동 처리. 옛 .pipe() / event listener 보다 안전.

📖 핵심 개념

• Readable: 읽기 (file, network response).
• Writable: 쓰기.
• Transform: 변환 (gzip, parser).
• Async iterator: for await (const chunk of stream).
• Backpressure: writable 가 느리면 readable 도 멈춤.

💻 코드 패턴

pipeline (가장 안전)

import { pipeline } from 'node:stream/promises';
import { createReadStream, createWriteStream } from 'node:fs';
import { createGzip } from 'node:zlib';

await pipeline(
  createReadStream('input.txt'),
  createGzip(),
  createWriteStream('output.txt.gz'),
);
// 한쪽 에러 → 모든 stream cleanup

Async iterator (read)

import { createReadStream } from 'node:fs';
import { createInterface } from 'node:readline';

const rl = createInterface({ input: createReadStream('big.txt'), crlfDelay: Infinity });
for await (const line of rl) {
  if (line.includes('error')) console.log(line);
}

Transform (변환)

import { Transform } from 'node:stream';

const upper = new Transform({
  transform(chunk, _enc, cb) {
    cb(null, chunk.toString().toUpperCase());
  },
});

await pipeline(stdin, upper, stdout);

직접 Readable 만들기

import { Readable } from 'node:stream';

async function* generate() {
  for (let i = 0; i < 1_000_000; i++) yield `${i}\n`;
}

const stream = Readable.from(generate());
await pipeline(stream, createWriteStream('out.txt'));

Web Streams (modern, fetch / 브라우저 호환)

const r = await fetch('https://example.com/big.json');
const reader = r.body!.getReader();
const decoder = new TextDecoder();

while (true) {
  const { value, done } = await reader.read();
  if (done) break;
  process(decoder.decode(value, { stream: true }));
}

// 또는 async iterator (Node 18+)
for await (const chunk of r.body!) { ... }

Web ↔ Node 변환

import { Readable, Writable } from 'node:stream';

const nodeReadable = Readable.fromWeb(webReadable);
const webReadable = Readable.toWeb(nodeReadable);

Backpressure 직접 제어

async function writeLines(writable: Writable, lines: AsyncIterable<string>) {
  for await (const line of lines) {
    if (!writable.write(line)) {
      await new Promise(r => writable.once('drain', r));
    }
  }
  writable.end();
}

CSV streaming parse

import { parse } from 'csv-parse';

await pipeline(
  createReadStream('big.csv'),
  parse({ columns: true }),
  async function* (rows) {
    for await (const row of rows) {
      yield JSON.stringify(row) + '\n';
    }
  },
  createWriteStream('out.ndjson'),
);

HTTP response streaming

import { Readable } from 'node:stream';

app.get('/big', async (req, res) => {
  res.setHeader('content-type', 'application/x-ndjson');
  const data = streamFromDB();
  await pipeline(data, res); // 자동 backpressure
});

Error 처리

try {
  await pipeline(...);
} catch (e) {
  // 모든 stream 에서 발생한 에러 캡처
}

🤔 의사결정 기준

상황	추천
큰 파일 read/write	createReadStream + pipeline
HTTP body	for await (chunk of req)
변환	Transform 또는 async generator
Browser 호환	Web Streams
메모리 한계	stream 필수
작은 데이터	string / Buffer 직접

❌ 안티패턴

• .pipe(...) 직접 + error handler 누락: dangling stream.
• String concat 으로 GB 파일 read: OOM.
• on('data') 만 + flow mode: backpressure 무시. async iterator.
• Transform _flush 누락 + 마지막 chunk: 데이터 일부 잃음.
• paused readable 그대로 await: hang.
• String chunk 가정: encoding 불일치 가능. setEncoding('utf8').

🤖 LLM 활용 힌트

• pipeline + async iterator + Web Streams 3종.
• 큰 데이터는 항상 stream.
• Error = pipeline catch.

🔗 관련 문서

• Backend_WebSocket_Scaling
• AI_Streaming_LLM_Response
• Backpressure_Patterns