"매 amygdala 의 exaggerated response 의 threat / emotional stimuli — 매 anxiety, PTSD, depression 의 transdiagnostic biomarker." 매 fMRI BOLD response 의 elevation (특히 face/threat tasks) — 매 prefrontal regulation 의 hypoactivity 와 pair — 매 2026 에 SSRI, CBT, TMS, psychedelic-assisted therapy 의 normalization target.
매 핵심
매 circuit
Amygdala: 매 basolateral (BLA, threat learning) + central (CeA, autonomic output).
vmPFC / dlPFC: 매 top-down inhibition — 매 hyperactivity 와 anti-correlation.
HPA axis: 매 amygdala → CRH → cortisol — 매 chronic activation 의 maladaptive.
매 conditions
Anxiety disorders: GAD, social anxiety, panic.
PTSD: 매 trauma-associated cue 의 sensitization.
MDD: 매 sad-face bias.
BPD: 매 emotional reactivity.
Autism: 매 mixed — face-processing 의 atypical activation.
fromnilearn.connectomeimportConnectivityMeasure# Time series from amyg + vmPFC ROIsts=np.column_stack([amyg_ts,vmpfc_ts])conn=ConnectivityMeasure(kind="correlation")fc=conn.fit_transform([ts])[0]# 2x2 corr matrixamyg_vmpfc_fc=fc[0,1]# negative in healthy, weaker in anxiety
HRV proxy (peripheral readout)
importneurokit2asnkecg=nk.ecg_clean(ecg_signal,sampling_rate=500)peaks=nk.ecg_peaks(ecg,sampling_rate=500)[0]hrv=nk.hrv_time(peaks,sampling_rate=500)# Low RMSSD ↔ high sympathetic ↔ amyg overdrive
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback target
defneurofeedback_signal(current_volume,amyg_mask,baseline_mean,baseline_std):activation=masking.apply_mask(current_volume,amyg_mask).mean()z=(activation-baseline_mean)/baseline_std# Display inverted bar — patient learns to downregulatereturn-z
매 결정 기준
상황
Intervention
Acute anxiety
Benzodiazepine (short-term), breathing
Chronic anxiety
SSRI/SNRI + CBT
PTSD
Trauma-focused CBT, EMDR, prazosin (nightmares)
Treatment-resistant
TMS (dlPFC), ketamine, psilocybin trials
Research / monitoring
fMRI + HRV biomarkers
기본값: 매 CBT + SSRI — 매 6-12 weeks 의 expected normalization.