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koriweb d8a80f6272 chore(wiki): dangling 링크 canonical 정규화 (768파일/1200건)

이름만 다른(표기 변형) [[위키링크]]를 대상 문서의 canonical 제목으로 치환해
끊겼던 1,200개 링크를 연결. 제목/파일명 정규화 일치만 적용하고 별칭 매칭은
과병합 위험으로 제외(애매성 가드). 원본은 _link_reconcile_backup/ 에 백업.
도구: Datacollect/scripts/link_reconcile_apply.mjs

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-06-08 12:24:15 +09:00

5.7 KiB

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title

Visual Effects (VFX)

매 한 줄

"매 photoreal pixel 의 industrial pipeline". VFX 는 live-action 또는 fully-CG 의 photoreal imagery 를 modeling/animation/sim/lighting/comp 의 multi-stage pipeline 으로 production. 매 2026 현재 USD (Universal Scene Description) 가 interchange standard, AI-assisted (gen AI rotoscope, neural rendering, Nerf/Gaussian Splatting) 가 mainstream.

매 핵심

매 Pipeline 단계

Pre-vis: Unreal/Maya 로 shot block-out, camera blocking.
Modeling/Sculpting: Maya, Blender, ZBrush, Houdini.
Look-dev: Substance Painter, Mari, USD MaterialX.
Rigging/Animation: Maya, Blender — keyframe + mocap (Vicon, Xsens, Move.ai).
FX/Sim: Houdini (pyro/FLIP/Vellum/RBD), Embergen (real-time), Phoenix FD.
Lighting: Katana, Houdini Solaris, USD-based.
Rendering: Arnold, Renderman, Karma XPU, Redshift, Octane — path tracing.
Compositing: Nuke (대세), After Effects (motion graphic), Fusion.

매 2026 modern stack

USD + Hydra: Pixar 시작, 매 cross-DCC interchange standard.
MaterialX: shader 의 portable language.
OpenColorIO (OCIO) v2: color management standard.
Gaussian Splatting / NeRF: photogrammetry replacement, real-time renderable plates.
AI rotoscope: Runway / SAM-based, manual roto 시간 90% 단축.
Generative comp tools: Nuke CopyCat (custom ML node), Nuke Smart Vectors.

매 응용

Feature film VFX (Marvel, Avatar, Dune sequels).
Episodic streaming (House of the Dragon, Foundation).
Virtual production (Mandalorian-style LED volumes — Disguise, ROE).
Commercials, music videos.
Game cinematics (Riot, Blizzard).

💻 패턴

USD scene composition

# Layered composition: Layout → Anim → FX → Lighting
from pxr import Usd, UsdGeom

stage = Usd.Stage.CreateNew("shot_010_layout.usda")
root = UsdGeom.Xform.Define(stage, "/World")
hero = stage.OverridePrim("/World/Hero")
hero.GetReferences().AddReference("assets/hero/hero.usd")
stage.GetRootLayer().subLayerPaths.append("anim/shot_010_anim.usda")
stage.Save()

Houdini FLIP fluid sim (HScript / Python)

import hou
flip = hou.node("/obj").createNode("dopnet", "flip_sim")
# Configure FLIP solver, container, source
# Cache to .bgeo.sc per frame
sim_cache = flip.createOutputNode("filecache", "cache")
sim_cache.parm("file").set("$HIP/cache/flip_v001/$F4.bgeo.sc")
sim_cache.parm("execute").pressButton()

Nuke comp tree (Python)

import nuke
read = nuke.createNode("Read", "file plates/shot_010.####.exr")
grade = nuke.createNode("Grade", "multiply 1.05")
merge = nuke.createNode("Merge2", "operation over")
write = nuke.createNode("Write",
    "file out/shot_010_v003.####.exr "
    "channels rgba file_type exr datatype 16 bit half")

Gaussian Splatting plate capture

# Process plate footage → 3DGS scene for set extension
python -m gsplat.train \
  --data plates/exterior_paris/ \
  --output gsplat_exterior_v01/ \
  --iterations 30000
# Import .ply into Houdini Solaris / Unreal for relighting

OCIO v2 color transform

import PyOpenColorIO as ocio
config = ocio.Config.CreateFromFile("aces_1.3.ocio")
proc = config.getProcessor("ACES - ACEScg", "Output - Rec.709")
cpu = proc.getDefaultCPUProcessor()
cpu.applyRGB(pixel)

AI roto with SAM2

from sam2.sam2_video_predictor import SAM2VideoPredictor
predictor = SAM2VideoPredictor.from_pretrained("facebook/sam2-hiera-large")
state = predictor.init_state("plate_v001/")
# Click-prompt frame 0, propagate through sequence
predictor.add_new_points(state, frame_idx=0, obj_id=1, points=[[640,360]], labels=[1])
masks = list(predictor.propagate_in_video(state))

매 결정 기준

상황	Approach
Feature film hero asset	Maya + Substance + Arnold/Renderman
Heavy FX (fluid/destruction)	Houdini + Karma XPU
Episodic, fast iteration	Blender + Cycles, USD pipeline
Virtual production	Unreal Engine 5.5 + nDisplay + LED volume
Set extension / digital double	Gaussian Splatting + traditional CG hybrid
Color management	OCIO v2 + ACES 1.3

기본값: USD-centric pipeline + Houdini for FX + Nuke for comp + ACES color + AI-augmented (SAM2 roto, gsplat plates).

🔗 Graph

부모: Computer-Graphics
Adjacent: USD Universal Scene Description · Gaussian-Splatting

🤖 LLM 활용

언제: HScript/Python boilerplate, Nuke node tree generation, USD layer authoring, shot breakdown drafts. 언제 X: artistic look-dev decisions, supervisor-level pipeline design.

❌ 안티패턴

No version control: shot file overwrite chaos → USD layers + Perforce/SVN + ShotGrid.
Color space ignorance: sRGB linear mix → ACES + OCIO 강제.
Render farm without checkpoint: long sim crash 의 zero recovery → simulation cache + autosave.
Manual roto for everything: 매 SAM2/Runway 로 80% 자동화 가능.
Skipping pre-vis: shoot 이후 VFX 가 impossible 한 plate 발견 → previs 필수.

🧪 검증 / 중복

Verified: Pixar USD docs, SideFX Houdini docs, Foundry Nuke docs, ACES Central, VES Handbook of Visual Effects (3rd ed).
신뢰도 A.

🕓 Changelog

날짜	변경
2026-05-08	Phase 1
2026-05-10	Manual cleanup — USD/Houdini/Nuke pipeline + AI augmentation

5.7 KiB Raw Blame History