# 4. Logic Tensor Network — 제약을 손실로# ∀x: dog(x) → animal(x) 를 fuzzy 만족도로 변환importtorchdefimplies(p,q):returntorch.clamp(1-p+q,0,1)loss_logic=-torch.log(implies(dog_pred,animal_pred)).mean()total_loss=ce_loss+lambda_logic*loss_logic
# 5. Knowledge Graph + Embedding — TransE# h + r ≈ t 가 성립하도록 entity/relation embedding 학습score=-torch.norm(emb_h+emb_r-emb_t,p=2,dim=-1)
# 6. GraphRAG — KG 검색 + LLM 답변defgraph_rag(query,kg,llm,embedder):nodes=kg.search(embedder.encode(query),top_k=10)subgraph=kg.expand_neighborhood(nodes,hops=2)context=serialize_graph(subgraph)returnllm.complete(f"Context:\n{context}\n\nQ: {query}\nA:")
# 8. Constraint satisfaction in NN — projection layerdefproject_to_constraints(logits,constraints):# 분류 결과를 ontology 제약 만족 영역으로 투영returnsolver.project(logits,constraints)
# 9. Program induction — LLM이 DSL 프로그램 생성defneuro_symbolic_qa(image,question,llm):program=llm.generate_program(question)# filter(color=red), count(...)returnexecute_dsl(program,image)# symbolic execution