2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/AI_and_ML/Introspection (자기성찰).md

id, title, category, status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, verification_status, tags, raw_sources, last_reinforced, github_commit, tech_stack

id	title	category	status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	verification_status	tags	raw_sources	last_reinforced	github_commit	tech_stack
wiki-2026-0508-introspection-자기성찰	Introspection (자기성찰)	10_Wiki/Topics	verified	self	Self-Reflection 자기성찰 LLM Introspection	none	A	0.9	applied	llm prompting self-reflection philosophy-of-mind agent		2026-05-10	pending	language framework python langchain

Introspection (자기성찰)

매 한 줄

"매 모델이 자기 출력을 다시 읽고 평가/수정". 철학에서는 1인칭 자기 의식 접근을 의미하고, LLM에서는 self-critique → revise loop로 정확도/정합성을 끌어올리는 핵심 prompting pattern.

매 핵심

매 두 가지 의미

• 철학 (Locke, Kant): mind 자체를 관찰하는 1인칭 access. qualia, self-model.
• LLM: 자기 응답을 input 으로 다시 받아 비판/개선. Reflexion, Self-Refine, CoVe 계열.

매 동작 원리

1. Generate: 초안 응답 produce.
2. Critique: 같은 모델이 초안을 평가 (오류, 누락, 가정).
3. Revise: critique 반영 재생성.
4. (선택) 수렴할 때까지 반복.

매 응용

1. Reasoning 정확도 향상 (math, code).
2. Hallucination 검출 (CoVe — Chain of Verification).
3. Agent 환경: tool 호출 결과 self-evaluate 후 재시도.
4. RLHF reward modeling 대안 (constitutional AI).

💻 패턴

Self-Refine (single-model loop)

def self_refine(prompt, model, max_iters=3):
    answer = model.invoke(f"Answer: {prompt}")
    for _ in range(max_iters):
        feedback = model.invoke(
            f"Critique this answer (errors, gaps):\n{answer}"
        )
        if "no issues" in feedback.lower():
            break
        answer = model.invoke(
            f"Original: {prompt}\nDraft: {answer}\nFeedback: {feedback}\nRevised:"
        )
    return answer

Reflexion (verbal RL)

class ReflexionAgent:
    def __init__(self, llm):
        self.llm = llm
        self.memory = []  # past reflections

    def act(self, task):
        ctx = "\n".join(self.memory)
        result = self.llm(f"{ctx}\nTask: {task}")
        if not self.evaluate(result):
            reflection = self.llm(f"Why did this fail?\n{result}")
            self.memory.append(reflection)
        return result

Chain of Verification (CoVe)

def cove(question, llm):
    draft = llm(f"Q: {question}")
    plan = llm(f"List verification questions for:\n{draft}")
    answers = [llm(q) for q in plan.split("\n")]
    return llm(f"Original:{draft}\nVerifications:{answers}\nFinal:")

Constitutional AI (self-critique with principles)

PRINCIPLES = ["harmless", "honest", "helpful"]

def constitutional_revise(response, llm):
    for p in PRINCIPLES:
        critique = llm(f"Critique by '{p}':\n{response}")
        response = llm(f"Revise per critique:\n{critique}")
    return response

Confidence-gated introspection

def maybe_introspect(answer, llm, threshold=0.7):
    score = float(llm(f"Confidence 0-1 in:\n{answer}").strip())
    if score < threshold:
        return self_refine(answer, llm)
    return answer

LangChain self-critique chain

from langchain.chains import LLMChain, SequentialChain

draft = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=draft_prompt, output_key="draft")
critic = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=critic_prompt, output_key="critique")
final = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=final_prompt, output_key="final")
chain = SequentialChain(chains=[draft, critic, final],
                        input_variables=["q"],
                        output_variables=["final"])

매 결정 기준

상황	Approach
단순 factual Q&A	introspection 불필요 (latency↑)
Math / code	Self-Refine + verifier
Long-form 사실 검증	CoVe
Agent 실패 학습	Reflexion (memory 누적)
Safety alignment	Constitutional AI

기본값: 1-shot Self-Refine (1회 critique → revise). 반복은 비용 대비 효과 체감 빠름.

🔗 Graph

• 부모: Prompt-Engineering, LLM
• 변형: Reflexion, Self-Refine, Chain-of-Verification
• 응용: Agent-Frameworks, Constitutional-AI
• Adjacent: Chain-of-Thought, Tree-of-Thoughts, Philosophy-of-Mind

🤖 LLM 활용

언제: multi-step reasoning, 사실 검증 필요한 long-form, agent 실패 분석, alignment. 언제 X: 단답형 classification, latency 민감, cost-bound batch inference.

❌ 안티패턴

• Critique 동일 모델만 사용: confirmation bias — 가능하면 stronger judge 사용.
• 무한 loop: 수렴 조건 없이 반복 → 비용 폭증, 답 표류.
• Critique 무시: revise 단계에서 critique 미반영 prompt.
• 자기성찰 == 자의식: LLM introspection 은 functional pattern. 철학적 self-awareness 와 구분.

🧪 검증 / 중복

• Madaan et al. 2023 (Self-Refine), Shinn et al. 2023 (Reflexion), Dhuliawala et al. 2023 (CoVe).
• Bai et al. 2022 (Constitutional AI, Anthropic).
• 신뢰도 A.

🕓 Changelog

날짜	변경
2026-05-08	Phase 1
2026-05-10	Manual cleanup — 철학/LLM 두 의미 통합, Self-Refine/Reflexion/CoVe/Constitutional 패턴 정리