2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_Programming/Topic_CPP/CPP_Exceptions.md

id, title, category, status, verification_status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, created_at, updated_at, review_reason, merge_history, tags, raw_sources, applied_in, github_commit

id	title	category	status	verification_status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	created_at	updated_at	review_reason	merge_history	tags	raw_sources	applied_in	github_commit
cpp-exceptions	C++ Exceptions	Programming_Language	draft	conceptual		try catch throw exception handling catch all (...) C++ 예외 처리		B	0.88	2026-07-04	2026-07-04			cpp programming-language w3schools exceptions try-catch	https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_exceptions.asp

CPP Exceptions

🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)

C++ has the try/catch/throw mechanism that C's Error Handling chapter EXPLICITLY said C lacks entirely — meaning this is the single biggest error-handling divergence between the two languages: where C forced programmers into manual NULL-checking, errno, and perror() workarounds, C++ provides genuine LANGUAGE-LEVEL exception handling that can catch ANY thrown value, even without knowing its type in advance (via the catch (...) catch-all syntax). [S1]

🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)

• Exception — C++'s technical term for the error that occurs when something goes wrong; "C++ will THROW an exception." [S1]
• try — defines the code block to test for possible errors. [S1]
• throw — triggers an exception, optionally carrying a VALUE (of any type, e.g. throw 505; or throw age;). [S1]
• catch (type param) — handles the exception; its parameter TYPE must match what was thrown (e.g. catch (int errorCode) for an int-typed throw). [S1]
• catch (...) — the "three dots" catch-all syntax; handles ANY exception type when you don't know (or don't need to distinguish) the thrown type in advance. [S1]
• No error = catch block skipped — if the try block never throws, the catch block simply doesn't run. [S1]

📖 세부 내용 (Details)

• Basic throw/catch with a custom error code: try { throw 505; } catch (int errorCode) { cout << "Error occurred: " << errorCode; }. [S1]
• Real-life age-check example throwing the actual failing value: try { int age = 15; if (age >= 18) { cout << "Access granted."; } else { throw (age); } } catch (int myNum) { cout << "Access denied. Age is: " << myNum; }. [S1]
• Catch-all syntax when the thrown type is unknown: try { ... throw 505; } catch (...) { cout << "Access denied."; } — handles the exception without needing to declare its type. [S1]

⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)

• C에는 없던 진짜 예외 처리 메커니즘: C의 Error Handling 챕터가 "C에는 try/catch가 없다"고 명시했던 것과 정반대로, C++는 try/throw/catch라는 언어 차원의 예외 처리를 제공하며, catch(...)로 타입을 몰라도 모든 예외를 잡을 수 있다는 점까지 C에는 없던 기능으로 확인됨. [S1]

🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)

사용자의 나이가 18세 미만이면 예외를 던지고 접근을 거부하는 age-check 예제가 원문에서 직접 실전 활용 사례로 제시됨. [S1]

💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)

Catching any exception type without needing to know it in advance (C++):

try {
  int age = 15;
  if (age >= 18) {
    cout << "Access granted - you are old enough.";
  } else {
    throw 505;
  }
}
catch (...) { // catches any exception type
  cout << "Access denied - You must be at least 18 years old.\n";
}

✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도

• 상태: draft
• 검증 단계: conceptual
• 출처 신뢰도: B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
• 신뢰 점수: 0.88
• 중복 검사 결과: 신규 생성 (New discovery)

🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)

• 상위/루트: C++ Tutorial
• 관련 개념: CPP Errors, CPP Input Validation, C Error Handling
• 참조 맥락: 예외 처리 — 입력 검증(Input Validation) 챕터로 이어짐.

📚 출처 (Sources)

• [S1] W3Schools — C++ Exceptions — https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_exceptions.asp

📝 변경 이력 (Change history)

• 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C++ Exceptions" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).