2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Frontend/디자인 시스템 구축.md

id, title, category, status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, verification_status, tags, raw_sources, last_reinforced, github_commit, tech_stack

id	title	category	status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	verification_status	tags	raw_sources	last_reinforced	github_commit	tech_stack
wiki-2026-0508-디자인-시스템-구축	디자인 시스템 구축	10_Wiki/Topics	verified	self	Design System Component Library UI Kit Design Tokens	none	A	0.9	applied	frontend design-system components tokens storybook		2026-05-10	pending	language framework typescript react

디자인 시스템 구축

매 한 줄

"매 product 가 아닌 product 를 만드는 platform". Tokens (color/spacing/type) → Primitives (Box, Text) → Components (Button, Modal) → Patterns (Form, Card) → Templates (Page) 의 layer. 2026 표준 stack: Tailwind v4 @theme + shadcn/ui + Radix UI primitives + Storybook 9 + Tokens Studio.

매 핵심

매 layer 구조

1. Tokens: design primitives — color, spacing, type, radii, shadow, motion. CSS variable / JSON.
2. Primitives (headless): Radix UI / Ariakit — accessibility 보장, unstyled.
3. Components: tokens + primitives → branded — Button, Input, Dialog.
4. Patterns: composed components — DataTable, Form, Wizard.
5. Templates / Pages: full layouts.

매 핵심 결정

• Headless vs styled: Radix (headless) + own styles → flex 좋음. Material UI (styled) → 빠른 시작.
• Distribution: NPM package (@acme/ui) vs copy-paste (shadcn/ui).
• Theme: light/dark/brand variants — CSS variable 가 표준.
• A11y: 매 Radix/Ariakit 사용으로 무료 — 매 직접 구현 X.

매 응용

1. Multi-product company (Atlassian, Shopify Polaris, IBM Carbon).
2. Open source DS (shadcn/ui, Material UI, Mantine).
3. Internal admin tool DS.
4. Marketing + app split (display 강조 + utility).

💻 패턴

Token foundation (Tailwind v4 @theme)

@import "tailwindcss";

@theme {
  --color-bg:        oklch(1 0 0);
  --color-fg:        oklch(0.2 0 0);
  --color-primary:   oklch(0.7 0.2 250);
  --color-danger:    oklch(0.65 0.25 25);

  --spacing: 0.25rem; /* base unit */

  --radius-sm: 0.25rem;
  --radius-md: 0.5rem;
  --radius-lg: 1rem;

  --font-sans: 'Inter Variable', system-ui;

  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px oklch(0 0 0 / 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px oklch(0 0 0 / 0.1);

  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

/* 매 dark theme */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  @theme {
    --color-bg: oklch(0.15 0 0);
    --color-fg: oklch(0.95 0 0);
  }
}

Headless primitive + style (shadcn/ui pattern)

// components/ui/dialog.tsx
import * as DialogPrimitive from '@radix-ui/react-dialog';
import { cn } from '@/lib/cn';

export const Dialog = DialogPrimitive.Root;
export const DialogTrigger = DialogPrimitive.Trigger;

export const DialogContent = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, DialogPrimitive.DialogContentProps>(
  ({ className, children, ...props }, ref) => (
    <DialogPrimitive.Portal>
      <DialogPrimitive.Overlay className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/50 backdrop-blur" />
      <DialogPrimitive.Content
        ref={ref}
        className={cn(
          'fixed left-1/2 top-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2',
          'rounded-lg bg-bg p-6 shadow-md',
          className
        )}
        {...props}
      >
        {children}
      </DialogPrimitive.Content>
    </DialogPrimitive.Portal>
  )
);

Variant API (cva / tailwind-variants)

import { cva, type VariantProps } from 'class-variance-authority';

const button = cva('inline-flex items-center rounded-md font-medium transition', {
  variants: {
    variant: {
      primary: 'bg-primary text-white hover:opacity-90',
      ghost: 'hover:bg-fg/5',
      danger: 'bg-danger text-white',
    },
    size: {
      sm: 'h-8 px-3 text-sm',
      md: 'h-10 px-4 text-base',
      lg: 'h-12 px-6 text-lg',
    },
  },
  defaultVariants: { variant: 'primary', size: 'md' },
});

export interface ButtonProps extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>, VariantProps<typeof button> {}
export const Button = ({ className, variant, size, ...props }: ButtonProps) =>
  <button className={button({ variant, size, className })} {...props} />;

Storybook 9 setup

// Button.stories.tsx
import type { Meta, StoryObj } from '@storybook/react';
import { Button } from './Button';

const meta: Meta<typeof Button> = {
  component: Button,
  args: { children: 'Click me' },
  argTypes: {
    variant: { control: 'select', options: ['primary', 'ghost', 'danger'] },
    size: { control: 'radio', options: ['sm', 'md', 'lg'] },
  },
};
export default meta;
export const Primary: StoryObj<typeof Button> = { args: { variant: 'primary' } };
export const Danger: StoryObj<typeof Button> = { args: { variant: 'danger' } };

Visual regression with Chromatic

npx chromatic --project-token=$CHROMATIC_TOKEN
# 매 every PR 마다 every story screenshot diff.

A11y testing (axe-core)

// .storybook/preview.ts
import { withA11y } from '@storybook/addon-a11y';
export const decorators = [withA11y];

Theme provider (multi-brand)

function ThemeProvider({ brand, children }: { brand: 'acme' | 'partner', children: ReactNode }) {
  return <div data-brand={brand}>{children}</div>;
}

[data-brand="acme"]    { --color-primary: oklch(0.7 0.2 250); }
[data-brand="partner"] { --color-primary: oklch(0.65 0.18 30); }

Documentation (Storybook MDX)

import { Meta, Canvas } from '@storybook/blocks';
import * as ButtonStories from './Button.stories';

<Meta of={ButtonStories} />

# Button
Primary action element.

## Usage
<Canvas of={ButtonStories.Primary} />

### When to use
- 매 form submit
- 매 destructive action — `variant="danger"`

shadcn/ui CLI (copy-paste distribution)

npx shadcn@latest add button dialog form
# 매 직접 components/ui/ 에 source 가 들어옴 — 매 자유롭게 수정.

매 결정 기준

상황	Approach
Startup MVP	shadcn/ui copy-paste — quick.
Multi-product company	own DS as @acme/ui package.
Enterprise	Material UI / Carbon / Polaris fork.
A11y critical	Radix / Ariakit primitives 필수.
Design ↔ code sync	Figma + Tokens Studio + Style Dictionary.
Visual QA	Storybook + Chromatic.

기본값: Tailwind v4 @theme + shadcn/ui pattern + Radix primitives + cva + Storybook + Chromatic.

🔗 Graph

• 부모: Frontend Architecture · Component Library
• 변형: Headless UI · Design Tokens · Storybook
• 응용: shadcn/ui · Radix UI · Material UI · Mantine
• Adjacent: Tailwind v4 · Tokens Studio · Chromatic · Figma

🤖 LLM 활용

언제: 5+ devs, 3+ products, brand consistency 필요, A11y compliance. 언제 X: 매 single landing page, 매 prototype, single dev (premade DS 로 충분).

❌ 안티패턴

• Inventing primitives: 매 own dropdown / dialog 만듦 — Radix 사용. A11y 함정 많음.
• Style first, tokens later: 매 hardcoded color/size → token 도입 시 mass refactor.
• Component sprawl: button 변형 50개 — variant API 로 정리.
• No Storybook: design review 시 매 dev branch 띄워야 — 비효율.
• Forking instead of extending: shadcn 매 update 누락. wrapper 로 extend.
• Light-only: dark mode 나중에 → token 처음부터 분리.
• No CHANGELOG: 매 breaking change silent — Changeset.

🧪 검증 / 중복

• Weighted by industry adoption (Polaris, Carbon, Material UI, shadcn/ui).
• Verified (Radix UI docs, Tailwind v4 docs, shadcn/ui, Storybook 9 docs, W3C Design Tokens).
• 신뢰도 A.

🕓 Changelog

날짜	변경
2026-05-08	Phase 1
2026-05-10	Manual cleanup — Tailwind v4 + shadcn/ui + Radix + Storybook 9 stack