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- Topic_Graphic → Domain_Design
- Topic_Business → Domain_Product
- Topic_General → Domain_General
- _Common 신설: Math(구 Topic_Math_Specialty), Reasoning(구 General/From_Thinking & Reasoning),
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- 타 도메인의 From_* 폴더는 유지 (출처 표기일 뿐, 이미 도메인에 맞게 분류된 문서)
- 빈 폴더 정리 (memory/procedures)
- 에이전트→폴더 매핑은 workspace의 .astra/agent-knowledge-map.json (9개 에이전트)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-11 11:05:56 +09:00

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id, title, category, status, verification_status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, created_at, updated_at, review_reason, merge_history, tags, raw_sources, applied_in, github_commit
id title category status verification_status canonical_id aliases duplicate_of source_trust_level confidence_score created_at updated_at review_reason merge_history tags raw_sources applied_in github_commit
php-includes PHP Includes Programming_Language draft conceptual
include vs require
PHP 파일 포함
B 0.9 2026-07-04 2026-07-04
php
programming
w3schools
include
require
https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_includes.asp

PHP Includes

🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)

include and require behave identically on SUCCESS but diverge sharply on FAILURE — a missing file only produces a warning with include (script continues, later code still runs), while the same missing file with require triggers a fatal error that halts script execution entirely, making the choice a statement about how critical that file is to the page working at all. [S1]

🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)

  • include 'file'; / require 'file'; — insert a file's content into the calling file. [S1]
  • Failure behavior differenceincludeE_WARNING, script continues; requireE_ERROR (fatal), script stops. [S1]
  • When to use include — non-critical files like headers, footers, navigation menus (page can still render without them). [S1]
  • When to use require — critical files like configuration or database connections (page is meaningless without them). [S1]
  • Included files share variable scope — variables defined in an included file become usable in the calling file. [S1]

📖 세부 내용 (Details)

  • Include a footer: <?php include 'footer.php';?>. [S1]
  • Include a nav menu: <div class="menu"><?php include 'menu.php';?></div>. [S1]
  • Include shares variables: vars.php defines $color='red'; $car='BMW';; the including file can then echo "I have a $color $car."; after include 'vars.php';. [S1]
  • include on missing file (continues): <?php include 'noFileExists.php'; echo "I have a $color $car."; ?> — the echo still runs (with warning), though $color/$car are undefined here since the file wasn't found. [S1]
  • require on missing file (halts): <?php require 'noFileExists.php'; echo "I have a $color $car."; ?> — the echo NEVER executes; script dies at the require line. [S1]

⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)

  • 실패 시 동작의 근본적 차이: include는 경고만 내고 스크립트가 계속 실행되지만, require는 치명적 에러를 내고 스크립트 실행이 완전히 중단된다는 점이 대비 예제로 직접 증명됨. [S1]

🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)

현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — 모든 페이지가 공유하는 표준 헤더/푸터/메뉴 파일을 include로 재사용하는 것이 실전 코드 재사용의 대표 패턴이다. [S1]

💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)

require halts execution on failure, unlike include (PHP):

<?php require 'noFileExists.php'; // fatal error — script dies here
echo "This line never runs.";
?>

검증 상태 및 신뢰도

  • 상태: draft
  • 검증 단계: conceptual
  • 출처 신뢰도: B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
  • 신뢰 점수: 0.90
  • 중복 검사 결과: 신규 생성 (New discovery)

🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)

📚 출처 (Sources)

📝 변경 이력 (Change history)

  • 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "PHP Include Files" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).