2nd/10_Wiki/Topics/Architecture/E-commerce_Platforms.md

id, title, category, status, canonical_id, aliases, duplicate_of, source_trust_level, confidence_score, verification_status, tags, raw_sources, last_reinforced, github_commit, tech_stack

id	title	category	status	canonical_id	aliases	duplicate_of	source_trust_level	confidence_score	verification_status	tags	raw_sources	last_reinforced	github_commit	tech_stack
wiki-2026-0508-e-commerce-platforms	E-commerce Platforms	10_Wiki/Topics	verified	self	ecommerce online-store-platform headless-commerce	none	A	0.9	applied	ecommerce shopify stripe headless		2026-05-10	pending	language framework typescript shopify-hydrogen/medusa/stripe

E-commerce Platforms

매 한 줄

"매 e-commerce 의 매 catalog × cart × checkout × fulfillment × payments × tax + 매 every regional edge case". 2026 의 매 SaaS (Shopify, BigCommerce, commercetools), 매 headless (Hydrogen, Medusa.js, Saleor, Vendure), 매 PSP (Stripe, Adyen) 가 dominant — 매 buy-vs-build 의 매 default 의 buy.

매 핵심

매 platform tiers

1. All-in-one SaaS — Shopify, BigCommerce, Wix. 매 lowest TCO.
2. Headless / composable — Shopify Hydrogen, commercetools, Saleor, Medusa.js, Vendure. 매 custom UX 필요.
3. Self-hosted / OSS — Medusa, Vendure, Saleor (Apache 2 / MIT).
4. Marketplace SaaS — Mirakl, Sharetribe.
5. B2B-specific — Spryker, BigCommerce B2B, commercetools.

매 PSP / payments

• Stripe — global default, broad APM coverage.
• Adyen — enterprise / omnichannel.
• PayPal/Braintree, Klarna, Afterpay, Apple/Google Pay — APMs.
• Crypto / stablecoin — Coinbase Commerce (niche).

매 cross-cutting concerns

• Tax — Stripe Tax, Avalara, TaxJar (US sales tax post-Wayfair, EU VAT IOSS, UK VAT).
• Shipping — ShipStation, Shippo, EasyPost.
• Search — Algolia, Typesense, Meilisearch.
• CMS — Sanity, Contentful, Storyblok (PIM/CMS hybrid).
• Fraud — Stripe Radar, Riskified, Signifyd.

💻 패턴

Stripe Checkout (PCI-light)

import Stripe from 'stripe';
const stripe = new Stripe(process.env.STRIPE_SECRET!);
const session = await stripe.checkout.sessions.create({
  mode: 'payment',
  line_items: [{ price: 'price_123', quantity: 2 }],
  automatic_tax: { enabled: true },
  shipping_address_collection: { allowed_countries: ['US', 'GB', 'KR'] },
  success_url: 'https://shop.example.com/success?cs={CHECKOUT_SESSION_ID}',
  cancel_url: 'https://shop.example.com/cart',
});
return Response.redirect(session.url!, 303);

Stripe webhook (idempotent)

import { headers } from 'next/headers';
export async function POST(req: Request) {
  const sig = (await headers()).get('stripe-signature')!;
  const body = await req.text();
  const event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(body, sig, process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET!);
  // 매 idempotency: 매 event.id 의 record, 매 already-processed skip
  if (await db.processedEvents.has(event.id)) return new Response(null, { status: 200 });
  switch (event.type) {
    case 'checkout.session.completed':
      await fulfillOrder(event.data.object as Stripe.Checkout.Session);
      break;
  }
  await db.processedEvents.insert(event.id);
  return new Response(null, { status: 200 });
}

Shopify Hydrogen (Storefront API)

import { storefrontClient } from '~/lib/shopify';
const PRODUCT = `#graphql
  query Product($handle: String!) {
    product(handle: $handle) {
      id title descriptionHtml
      variants(first: 10) { nodes { id price { amount currencyCode } availableForSale } }
      images(first: 5) { nodes { url altText } }
    }
  }`;
const { data } = await storefrontClient.request(PRODUCT, { variables: { handle } });

Medusa.js custom backend

// backend 의 custom plugin
import { OrderService } from '@medusajs/medusa';
class FraudGuardService {
  constructor(private orderService: OrderService) {}
  async beforeCapture(orderId: string) {
    const score = await fetch('https://radar/api', { /* … */ }).then(r => r.json());
    if (score.risk > 0.8) await this.orderService.cancel(orderId);
  }
}

Cart state (Server Component + Cookie)

import { cookies } from 'next/headers';
export async function getCart(): Promise<Cart> {
  const id = (await cookies()).get('cart_id')?.value;
  return id ? storefront.cart.get(id) : storefront.cart.create();
}

Algolia product search index

import { algoliasearch } from 'algoliasearch';
const client = algoliasearch(APP_ID, ADMIN_KEY);
await client.saveObjects({
  indexName: 'products',
  objects: products.map(p => ({
    objectID: p.id, title: p.title, brand: p.brand, price: p.price.amount,
    inStock: p.inventory > 0, _tags: p.collections,
  })),
});

Tax (Stripe Tax inline)

const tax = await stripe.tax.calculations.create({
  currency: 'usd',
  line_items: [{ amount: 5000, reference: 'sku_1', tax_behavior: 'exclusive' }],
  customer_details: {
    address: { line1: '...', city: 'Seattle', state: 'WA', postal_code: '98101', country: 'US' },
    address_source: 'shipping',
  },
});

B2B quote → order

// commercetools / Vendure pattern
const quote = await ct.quotes.create({ customer, lineItems, validUntil: addDays(new Date(), 14) });
// 매 buyer accept → order 의 transition
const order = await ct.orders.fromQuote(quote.id);

매 결정 기준

상황	Approach
Lean DTC start	Shopify (basic) + Stripe
Custom UX, brand priority	Shopify Hydrogen or Saleor + headless CMS
Self-host / OSS / cost control	Medusa.js or Vendure
Enterprise composable	commercetools + Algolia + Contentful + Adyen
Marketplace	Mirakl or Sharetribe
B2B with quotes/contracts	commercetools / Spryker

기본값: Shopify for SMB; Hydrogen for premium DTC; commercetools for enterprise composable; Stripe as PSP unless enterprise (then Adyen).

🔗 Graph

• 부모: Web-Architecture · Payments
• 변형: Headless-Commerce · Composable-Commerce · Marketplace-Platform
• 응용: Shopify-Hydrogen · Medusa · commercetools
• Adjacent: Stripe · Adyen · Algolia · Sanity · Avalara

🤖 LLM 활용

언제: 매 platform comparison, 매 webhook handler 의 scaffold, 매 GraphQL Storefront query 의 작성, 매 tax/shipping flow explanation, 매 catalog data model design. 언제 X: 매 PCI-DSS / SCA / regional tax 의 final compliance review (legal + Stripe/Adyen docs). 매 fraud rules in production (data scientist + risk team).

❌ 안티패턴

• Roll-your-own checkout: 매 PCI scope explode + tax + APM hell — Stripe/Adyen Checkout 사용.
• No webhook idempotency: 매 duplicate fulfillment / charge — event.id dedupe.
• Cart in localStorage only: 매 multi-device 가 broken — server-side cart.
• No automatic_tax: 매 EU VAT / US Wayfair 의 manual mess.
• Storefront API token in client: 매 secret leak — 매 server-only token.
• Sync inventory in serverless cold path: 매 oversell — event-driven inventory + reservation.

🧪 검증 / 중복

• Verified (Shopify Hydrogen docs, Medusa.js docs, commercetools docs, Stripe docs, Adyen docs).
• 신뢰도 A.

🕓 Changelog

날짜	변경
2026-05-08	Phase 1
2026-05-10	Manual cleanup — e-commerce platform landscape, Shopify/Stripe/headless patterns