"매 capital-owning class". 매 12c French "city dweller" → 매 Marx 의 means-of-production owner → 매 2026 의 contested concept (knowledge worker, platform owner, rentier 매 blurred boundaries).
매 핵심
매 mechanism
매 ownership of capital (factories, IP, platforms).
매 wage labor 매 hire (proletariat 의 dual).
매 surplus value extraction via M-C-M' circuit (Marx Capital Vol. I).
매 historical layers
Haute bourgeoisie: industrialists, financiers.
Petite bourgeoisie: shopkeepers, freelancers, small-business owners.
2026 변형: platform owners (Uber, Airbnb), VC-funded founders, IP rentiers.
매 critique 의 modern
Piketty (Capital in the 21st Century) — 매 r > g 의 capital concentration.
Platform Capitalism (Srnicek) — 매 2010s+ tech rent-extraction.
"Bullshit Jobs" (Graeber) — 매 managerial class 의 internal stratification.
💻 패턴
Class-mapping in software economics
# Toy model — capital ownership vs labor incomeclassAgent:def__init__(self,capital:float,wage:float,labor_hours:float):self.capital=capital# owned assetsself.wage=wage# per hourself.hours=labor_hoursdefincome(self,r:float)->float:# r = return on capital; Piketty's central variablereturnself.capital*r+self.wage*self.hoursbourgeoisie=Agent(capital=10_000_000,wage=0,labor_hours=0)worker=Agent(capital=0,wage=30,labor_hours=2000)print(bourgeoisie.income(0.07),worker.income(0.07))# 700k vs 60k
Sociological data analysis (Wolff replication)
importpandasaspddf=pd.read_csv('scf.csv')# Survey of Consumer Financestop_1=df['net_worth'].quantile(0.99)print('Top 1% own',df[df.net_worth>=top_1].net_worth.sum()/df.net_worth.sum())# US 2024: ~30%