4.7 KiB
4.7 KiB
id, title, category, status, source_trust_level, verification_status, created_at, updated_at, tags, tech_stack, applied_in, aliases
| id | title | category | status | source_trust_level | verification_status | created_at | updated_at | tags | tech_stack | applied_in | aliases | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| messaging-nats-rabbitmq-comparison | NATS / RabbitMQ / SQS — 큐 비교 | Coding | draft | B | conceptual | 2026-05-09 | 2026-05-09 |
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NATS / RabbitMQ / SQS
Kafka 만이 답이 아니다. NATS = 가볍고 빠름, RabbitMQ = AMQP routing, SQS = AWS managed. 처리량 / ordering / 영속성 / 운영 부담 4축으로 선택.
📖 핵심 개념
- NATS Core: pub/sub fire-and-forget.
- NATS JetStream: 영속, replay, exactly-once.
- RabbitMQ: AMQP, exchange + routing key + queue.
- SQS: AWS managed FIFO 또는 standard.
💻 코드 패턴
NATS JetStream
import { connect } from 'nats';
const nc = await connect({ servers: 'nats://nats:4222' });
const js = nc.jetstream();
const jsm = await nc.jetstreamManager();
// Stream 생성
await jsm.streams.add({ name: 'ORDERS', subjects: ['orders.*'], storage: 'file', max_age: 7 * 24 * 3600 * 1e9 });
// Publish
await js.publish('orders.created', JSON.stringify({ id, userId }));
// Consumer
const sub = await js.consumers.get('ORDERS', 'order-projector');
const iter = await sub.consume();
for await (const m of iter) {
await handle(JSON.parse(m.string()));
m.ack();
}
RabbitMQ (AMQP)
import amqp from 'amqplib';
const conn = await amqp.connect('amqp://rabbit:5672');
const ch = await conn.createChannel();
await ch.assertExchange('orders', 'topic', { durable: true });
await ch.assertQueue('orders.created.projector', { durable: true });
await ch.bindQueue('orders.created.projector', 'orders', 'orders.created');
// Publish
ch.publish('orders', 'orders.created', Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(order)), {
persistent: true,
messageId: eventId,
});
// Consume
await ch.prefetch(10);
ch.consume('orders.created.projector', async (msg) => {
if (!msg) return;
try {
await handle(JSON.parse(msg.content.toString()));
ch.ack(msg);
} catch {
ch.nack(msg, false, false); // DLX 로
}
});
RabbitMQ DLX (dead-letter exchange)
await ch.assertQueue('orders.created.projector', {
durable: true,
arguments: {
'x-dead-letter-exchange': 'orders.dlx',
'x-message-ttl': 60_000,
'x-max-retries': 5,
},
});
AWS SQS (standard)
import { SQSClient, SendMessageCommand, ReceiveMessageCommand, DeleteMessageCommand } from '@aws-sdk/client-sqs';
const sqs = new SQSClient({});
await sqs.send(new SendMessageCommand({
QueueUrl: queueUrl,
MessageBody: JSON.stringify(order),
MessageAttributes: { eventId: { DataType: 'String', StringValue: id } },
}));
// Long-poll
const r = await sqs.send(new ReceiveMessageCommand({
QueueUrl: queueUrl,
WaitTimeSeconds: 20,
MaxNumberOfMessages: 10,
}));
for (const msg of r.Messages ?? []) {
await handle(JSON.parse(msg.Body!));
await sqs.send(new DeleteMessageCommand({ QueueUrl: queueUrl, ReceiptHandle: msg.ReceiptHandle! }));
}
SQS FIFO (ordering)
await sqs.send(new SendMessageCommand({
QueueUrl: fifoUrl, // .fifo 끝
MessageBody: ...,
MessageGroupId: order.userId, // 같은 group 안 ordering
MessageDeduplicationId: eventId, // 5분 dedupe
}));
NATS Core (fire-and-forget, 빠름)
nc.subscribe('telemetry.*', { callback: (err, msg) => handle(msg.data) });
nc.publish('telemetry.cpu', JSON.stringify({ host, cpu }));
영속 X — 받지 못하면 잃음. 모니터링 / IoT 같은 use case.
🤔 의사결정 기준
| 요구 | 추천 |
|---|---|
| 큰 처리량 + 영속 + replay | Kafka |
| 가벼운 + Quick start | NATS JetStream |
| Routing 복잡 (topic + header) | RabbitMQ |
| AWS only | SQS (+ EventBridge / SNS) |
| 매우 작은 (1대) | Redis Streams |
| Realtime fire-and-forget | NATS Core / Redis pub/sub |
| Lambda trigger | SQS / EventBridge |
❌ 안티패턴
- 모든 곳 Kafka: 운영 부담 큼. 단순 큐 = SQS / RabbitMQ.
- NATS Core 영속 가정: subscribe 안 됐으면 잃음.
- Prefetch 무제한 (RabbitMQ): 한 consumer 가 모두 가져감.
- Visibility timeout 짧음 (SQS): 처리 중 다시 visible → 중복.
- Manual ack 없음: 처리 실패해도 ack — 메시지 잃음.
- DLQ 없음: 실패 메시지 영원 재시도 또는 잃음.
- FIFO 가정 standard SQS: ordering 보장 X.
🤖 LLM 활용 힌트
- 상황별 다름: 영속/replay = Kafka, 가벼움 = NATS, AWS = SQS, 복잡 routing = RabbitMQ.
- DLQ + idempotency 항상.
- prefetch / visibility 적정.