---
id: android-camerax-patterns
title: Android CameraX — 카메라 / 이미지 분석
category: Coding
status: draft
source_trust_level: B
verification_status: conceptual
created_at: 2026-05-09
updated_at: 2026-05-09
tags: [android, camera, camerax, vibe-coding]
tech_stack: { language: "Kotlin / CameraX 1.4+", applicable_to: ["Android"] }
applied_in: []
aliases: [Camera2, ImageCapture, ImageAnalysis, Preview, lifecycle camera]
---

# Android CameraX

> Camera2 의 lifecycle-aware wrapper. **Preview / ImageCapture / ImageAnalysis / VideoCapture** 4종 use case. 디바이스 호환성 자동 처리.

## 📖 핵심 개념
- ProcessCameraProvider: 부팅.
- UseCase: Preview / ImageCapture / ImageAnalysis / VideoCapture.
- bindToLifecycle: lifecycle 에 묶어 자동 시작/정지.

## 💻 코드 패턴

### 의존성
```kotlin
implementation("androidx.camera:camera-core:1.4.0")
implementation("androidx.camera:camera-camera2:1.4.0")
implementation("androidx.camera:camera-lifecycle:1.4.0")
implementation("androidx.camera:camera-view:1.4.0")
```

### Preview + Capture (Compose)
```kotlin
@Composable
fun CameraScreen() {
    val ctx = LocalContext.current
    val lifecycleOwner = LocalLifecycleOwner.current
    val previewView = remember { PreviewView(ctx) }
    var imageCapture by remember { mutableStateOf<ImageCapture?>(null) }

    LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
        val provider = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(ctx).get()

        val preview = Preview.Builder().build().also {
            it.setSurfaceProvider(previewView.surfaceProvider)
        }
        val capture = ImageCapture.Builder()
            .setCaptureMode(ImageCapture.CAPTURE_MODE_MINIMIZE_LATENCY)
            .build()
        imageCapture = capture

        try {
            provider.unbindAll()
            provider.bindToLifecycle(
                lifecycleOwner,
                CameraSelector.DEFAULT_BACK_CAMERA,
                preview, capture
            )
        } catch (e: Exception) { log.error("camera bind failed", e) }
    }

    Box {
        AndroidView(factory = { previewView })
        Button(onClick = { imageCapture?.takePictureToDisk(ctx) }) { Text("촬영") }
    }
}

fun ImageCapture.takePictureToDisk(ctx: Context) {
    val file = File(ctx.cacheDir, "shot_${System.currentTimeMillis()}.jpg")
    val output = ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions.Builder(file).build()
    takePicture(output, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(ctx),
        object : ImageCapture.OnImageSavedCallback {
            override fun onImageSaved(o: ImageCapture.OutputFileResults) { /* file ready */ }
            override fun onError(e: ImageCaptureException) { log.error("capture failed", e) }
        })
}
```

### ImageAnalysis — ML / barcode
```kotlin
val analyzer = ImageAnalysis.Builder()
    .setBackpressureStrategy(ImageAnalysis.STRATEGY_KEEP_ONLY_LATEST)
    .build()
    .also {
        it.setAnalyzer(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()) { imageProxy ->
            val mediaImage = imageProxy.image ?: return@setAnalyzer
            val image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageProxy.imageInfo.rotationDegrees)
            barcodeScanner.process(image)
                .addOnSuccessListener { codes -> codes.forEach { onScan(it.rawValue) } }
                .addOnCompleteListener { imageProxy.close() } // 반드시 close
        }
    }

provider.bindToLifecycle(lifecycleOwner, CameraSelector.DEFAULT_BACK_CAMERA, preview, analyzer)
```

### Permission
```kotlin
val permission = rememberPermissionState(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
LaunchedEffect(Unit) { permission.launchPermissionRequest() }
if (!permission.status.isGranted) return // PermissionRationale UI
```

### Video capture
```kotlin
val recorder = Recorder.Builder()
    .setQualitySelector(QualitySelector.from(Quality.HD))
    .build()
val videoCapture = VideoCapture.withOutput(recorder)
provider.bindToLifecycle(lifecycleOwner, selector, preview, videoCapture)

val output = MediaStoreOutputOptions.Builder(...).build()
recording = videoCapture.output.prepareRecording(ctx, output)
    .start(ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(ctx)) { event -> ... }
// 종료
recording?.stop()
```

## 🤔 의사결정 기준
| 사용 | UseCase 조합 |
|---|---|
| 단순 사진 | Preview + ImageCapture |
| QR / barcode 스캔 | Preview + ImageAnalysis |
| ML 분석 (얼굴, OCR) | Preview + ImageAnalysis |
| 비디오 녹화 | Preview + VideoCapture |
| 사진 + 비디오 동시 | Preview + ImageCapture + VideoCapture (제한 있음) |

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **imageProxy.close() 누락**: backpressure → analyzer 멈춤.
- **lifecycle 안 묶음**: 백그라운드에서 카메라 점유 → 배터리.
- **메인 스레드에서 ML 처리**: UI 멈춤. 별도 executor.
- **여러 use case 가 디바이스 한계 초과**: bind 실패. 한 번에 적게.
- **Preview rotation 안 처리**: 회전 시 이상.
- **권한 거부 후 silent**: 가이드 UI.

## 🤖 LLM 활용 힌트
- CameraX + lifecycle bind + 단일 executor analyzer 패턴 표준.
- ML Kit 결합 자주.

## 🔗 관련 문서
- [[Android_Lifecycle_Aware_Components]]
- [[iOS_Background_Tasks]]