---
id: wiki-2026-0508-브라우저-메모리-누수-탐지-browser-memory-le
title: 브라우저 메모리 누수 탐지(Browser Memory Leak Detection)
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Memory Leak Detection, Browser Memory Profiling, JS Memory Leak]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [browser, memory-leak, performance, devtools, javascript]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: JavaScript
  framework: Chrome DevTools
---

# 브라우저 메모리 누수 탐지(Browser Memory Leak Detection)

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 SPA 가 시간이 지날수록 느려진다면 90% memory leak"**. JS 의 GC 는 매 reachable object 만 살리지만, detached DOM, forgotten timer, closure capture, global accumulation 이 매 unintended retention 을 만든다. 매 Chrome DevTools `Memory` panel + `Performance` panel 의 heap snapshot diff + allocation timeline 이 매 standard tool.

## 매 핵심

### 매 4 가지 흔한 leak pattern
- **Detached DOM**: 매 element 를 removeChild 했지만 JS reference 가 살아있음 → DOM tree + element subtree 통째로 retained.
- **Forgotten timer / listener**: `setInterval` / `addEventListener` 의 callback closure 가 매 component scope 를 hold.
- **Closure over big data**: outer function 의 large array 를 inner closure 가 무의식적으로 capture.
- **Global accumulation**: `window.cache[key] = ...` 식의 무한 적재.

### 매 detection workflow (3 snapshot technique)
1. App load → snapshot A.
2. 매 leak-suspect action 100 회 (open/close modal …) → snapshot B.
3. 매 동일 action 100 회 더 → snapshot C.
4. **Comparison**: B → C 사이 Delta 가 0 이어야 정상. 매 keep growing → leak.

### 매 응용
1. SPA debugging (React/Vue route transition leak).
2. Memory regression CI (puppeteer + heap snapshot).
3. Production monitoring (`performance.memory`).

## 💻 패턴

### Detect detached DOM (DevTools console)
```javascript
// 매 Memory panel → "Detached" filter 로 search
// 또는 console 에서:
function findDetached() {
  const all = $$('*'); // visible
  // queryObjects(HTMLElement) — DevTools console 전용
  console.log('visible:', all.length);
}
queryObjects(HTMLElement); // 매 DevTools console only
```

### Cleanup pattern (idiomatic)
```javascript
// React useEffect cleanup
useEffect(() => {
  const id = setInterval(tick, 1000);
  const onResize = () => recalc();
  window.addEventListener('resize', onResize);
  return () => {
    clearInterval(id);
    window.removeEventListener('resize', onResize);
  };
}, []);
```

### WeakMap / WeakRef for caches
```javascript
// 매 strong ref → leak. WeakMap → key GC 되면 entry 자동 사라짐
const meta = new WeakMap();
function attach(node, info) { meta.set(node, info); }
// node 가 detached 되고 reference 끊기면 entry GC

// WeakRef + FinalizationRegistry (2021+)
const reg = new FinalizationRegistry(id => console.log('GC:', id));
const w = new WeakRef(obj);
reg.register(obj, 'my-resource');
```

### performance.memory monitoring (Chrome only)
```javascript
function logMemory() {
  const m = performance.memory;
  console.log({
    used:   (m.usedJSHeapSize  / 1048576).toFixed(1) + 'MB',
    total:  (m.totalJSHeapSize / 1048576).toFixed(1) + 'MB',
    limit:  (m.jsHeapSizeLimit / 1048576).toFixed(1) + 'MB',
  });
}
setInterval(logMemory, 5000);
```

### 3-snapshot diff (puppeteer CI)
```javascript
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('http://localhost:3000');

const session = await page.target().createCDPSession();
async function snapshot() {
  await session.send('HeapProfiler.collectGarbage');
  const m = await page.evaluate(() => performance.memory.usedJSHeapSize);
  return m;
}

const a = await snapshot();
for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) await page.click('#open-modal'), await page.click('#close-modal');
const b = await snapshot();
for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) await page.click('#open-modal'), await page.click('#close-modal');
const c = await snapshot();

const growth = c - b;
if (growth > 1_000_000) throw new Error(`Memory leak: +${growth} bytes between B→C`);
```

### AbortController for fetch / event cleanup
```javascript
const ac = new AbortController();
window.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll, { signal: ac.signal });
fetch(url, { signal: ac.signal });
// component unmount:
ac.abort(); // 매 listener + fetch 동시 cleanup
```

### Common React leak — stale closure capture
```javascript
// 매 BAD — bigData 를 closure 가 잡음, unmount 후에도 retain
useEffect(() => {
  const bigData = computeMassive();
  const id = setTimeout(() => console.log(bigData[0]), 60_000);
  // cleanup 없음 → leak
}, []);

// 매 GOOD
useEffect(() => {
  const bigData = computeMassive();
  const id = setTimeout(() => console.log(bigData[0]), 60_000);
  return () => clearTimeout(id);
}, []);
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Tool |
|---|---|
| ad-hoc 탐색 | DevTools Memory → Heap snapshot |
| allocation 출처 추적 | Performance → record + Memory checkbox |
| detached DOM | Memory → "Detached" filter |
| CI regression | puppeteer + `HeapProfiler.collectGarbage` + `performance.memory` |
| production monitoring | `performance.memory` polling → telemetry |

**기본값**: 매 3-snapshot heap diff (A=load, B=after-100-actions, C=after-200-actions). B→C 0 growth 가 합격선.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Browser_Performance]] · [[Memory_Management]]
- 변형: [[Heap_Snapshot]] · [[Allocation_Profiling]] · [[Detached_DOM]]
- 응용: [[React_Memory_Leak]] · [[SPA_Performance]]
- Adjacent: [[WeakMap]] · [[WeakRef]] · [[FinalizationRegistry]] · [[AbortController]] · [[렌더링 최적화 개념 설명 자료]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: SPA 가 time-on-page 로 점점 느려질 때, mobile OOM, infinite scroll page 의 retention.
**언제 X**: server-side memory leak (그건 Node heap profiler 영역).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **GC 강제 호출 시도**: 매 `gc()` 는 standard 아님. DevTools "Collect garbage" 버튼이 유일.
- **`performance.memory` 만 보고 판단**: 매 Chromium 전용, Firefox/Safari 없음. heap snapshot 이 ground truth.
- **`removeChild` 만 하고 reference cleanup 안 함**: 매 detached DOM leak 의 source.
- **`setInterval` 매 component mount 마다 + cleanup 없음**: 매 SPA killer.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Chrome DevTools docs, web.dev memory profiling, V8 blog).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — leak patterns + 3-snapshot diff + WeakRef/AbortController patterns |