--- id: SUP-LEARN-001 category: "10_Wiki/๐Ÿ’ก Topics/AI" confidence_score: 1.0 tags: [ai, machine-learning, supervised-learning, foundations] last_reinforced: 2026-04-26 --- # Supervised Learning Foundations (์ง€๋„ ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ์ดˆ) ## ๐Ÿ“Œ ํ•œ ์ค„ ํ†ต์ฐฐ (The Karpathy Summary) > "์ •๋‹ต์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ํ•ด๋‹ต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ผ" โ€” ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(Feature)์™€ ์ •๋‹ต(Label) ์Œ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹. ## ๐Ÿ“– ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ง€์‹ (Synthesized Content) - **์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ํŒจํ„ด:** ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ผ๋ฒจ๋งํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ(Classification)๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜(Regression)๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด. - **ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ:** - **Dataset:** ์ž…๋ ฅ(X)๊ณผ ์ •๋‹ต(Y)์˜ ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹. - **Classification:** ์ด์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ (์˜ˆ: ์ŠคํŒธ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ฐœ/๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„). - **Regression:** ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธก (์˜ˆ: ์ง‘๊ฐ’ ์˜ˆ์ธก, ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ถ”์ด). - **Loss Minimization:** ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ •๋‹ต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ. ## โš ๏ธ ๋ชจ์ˆœ ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ (Contradictions & RL Update) - **๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ:** ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๋ง ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ง€๋„ ํ•™์Šต(Self-supervised Learning)๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณด์™„์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ค‘. - **์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™”:** Antigravity ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ์— ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ •์ œ๋œ ์ง€๋„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ. ## ๐Ÿ”— ์ง€์‹ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ (Graph) - Machine-Learning, [[Deep-Learning]], [[Objective-Functions]], [[Gradient-Descent]] - **Raw Source:** 10_Wiki/Topics/AI/Supervised-Learning (์ง€๋„ ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ์ดˆ).md