---
id: html-tables
title: "HTML Tables"
category: "Frontend"
status: "draft"
verification_status: "conceptual"
canonical_id: ""
aliases: ["HTML table", "table element", "tr td th", "data table HTML", "tabular data"]
duplicate_of: ""
source_trust_level: "B"
confidence_score: 0.90
created_at: 2026-06-23
updated_at: 2026-06-23
review_reason: ""
merge_history: []
tags: ["html", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "tables"]
raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp"]
applied_in: []
github_commit: ""
---

# [[HTML Tables]]

## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
HTML tables let web developers arrange data into rows and columns using a `<table>` container whose rows (`<tr>`) hold header cells (`<th>`) and data cells (`<td>`). [S1]

## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
- **`<table>` is the container** for the entire table. [S1]
- **Rows are `<tr>`** ("table row") — each row starts with `<tr>` and ends with `</tr>`. [S1]
- **Data cells are `<td>`** ("table data") — everything between `<td>` and `</td>` is the content of a table cell. [S1]
- **Header cells are `<th>`** ("table header") — used for headings; by default the text is **bold and centered**, but this can be changed with CSS. [S1]
- **Cells can hold anything** — a table cell can contain all sorts of HTML elements: text, images, lists, links, other tables, etc. [S1]

## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
- **Row-then-cell pattern** — a table is built row by row; inside each `<tr>` you place one cell (`<td>` or `<th>`) per column. [S1]
- **Header row pattern** — the first `<tr>` typically uses `<th>` cells to label each column. [S1]
- **Grouping pattern** — `<thead>`, `<tbody>`, and `<tfoot>` group the header, body, and footer content; `<colgroup>`/`<col>` describe column-level formatting; `<caption>` titles the table. [S1]

## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
**HTML Tables.** HTML tables allow web developers to arrange data into rows and columns. [S1]

A basic table with a header row and two data rows:
```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Company</th>
    <th>Contact</th>
    <th>Country</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Alfreds Futterkiste</td>
    <td>Maria Anders</td>
    <td>Germany</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Centro comercial Moctezuma</td>
    <td>Francisco Chang</td>
    <td>Mexico</td>
  </tr>
</table>
```

**Table Cells.** Each table cell is defined by a `<td>` and a `</td>` tag. `td` stands for table data. Everything between `<td>` and `</td>` is the content of a table cell. [S1]
```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>Emil</td>
    <td>Tobias</td>
    <td>Linus</td>
  </tr>
</table>
```
A table cell can contain all sorts of HTML elements: text, images, lists, links, other tables, etc. [S1]

**Table Rows.** Each table row starts with a `<tr>` and ends with a `</tr>` tag. `tr` stands for table row. You can have as many rows as you like in a table; just make sure the number of cells is the same in each row. [S1]
```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>Emil</td>
    <td>Tobias</td>
    <td>Linus</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>16</td>
    <td>14</td>
    <td>10</td>
  </tr>
</table>
```

**Table Headers.** Sometimes you want your cells to be table header cells. In those cases use the `<th>` tag instead of the `<td>` tag. `th` stands for table header. By default, the text in `<th>` elements are bold and centered, but you can change that with CSS. [S1]
```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Person 1</th>
    <th>Person 2</th>
    <th>Person 3</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Emil</td>
    <td>Tobias</td>
    <td>Linus</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>16</td>
    <td>14</td>
    <td>10</td>
  </tr>
</table>
```

**HTML Table Tags.** [S1]

| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| `<table>` | Defines a table |
| `<th>` | Defines a header cell in a table |
| `<tr>` | Defines a row in a table |
| `<td>` | Defines a cell in a table |
| `<caption>` | Defines a table caption |
| `<colgroup>` | Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting |
| `<col>` | Specifies column properties for each column within a `<colgroup>` element |
| `<thead>` | Groups the header content in a table |
| `<tbody>` | Groups the body content in a table |
| `<tfoot>` | Groups the footer content in a table |

## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
The "Company / Contact / Country" example above is the canonical applied example of a complete data table with a header row. No external project/commit applications found in the source.

## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
Minimal table (HTML):
```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Header 1</th>
    <th>Header 2</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Cell 1</td>
    <td>Cell 2</td>
  </tr>
</table>
```
Header cell vs. data cell:
```html
<th>Header text (bold, centered)</th>
<td>Data text</td>
```

## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
No contradictions found in the source. [S1]

## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
- **상태:** draft
- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)

## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
- **상위/루트:** [[HTML Tutorial]]
- **관련 개념:** [[HTML Lists]], [[HTML Block and Inline]], [[HTML Div]], [[HTML Elements]]
- **참조 맥락:** Referenced whenever tabular data must be presented in rows and columns on a web page.

## 📚 출처 (Sources)
- [S1] W3Schools — HTML Tables — https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp

## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "HTML Tables" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).