---
id: css-animation-timing
title: "CSS Animation Timing"
category: "Frontend"
status: "draft"
verification_status: "conceptual"
canonical_id: ""
aliases: ["animation-delay", "animation-iteration-count", "animation-timing-function", "infinite animation", "negative delay", "animation speed curve"]
duplicate_of: ""
source_trust_level: "B"
confidence_score: 0.88
created_at: 2026-06-23
updated_at: 2026-06-23
review_reason: ""
merge_history: []
tags: ["css", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "animation", "timing-function", "iteration"]
raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/css/css3_animations_timing.asp"]
applied_in: []
github_commit: ""
---

# [[CSS Animation Timing]]

## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
Animation timing controls when and how often an animation runs: `animation-delay` postpones (and, when negative, fast-forwards) the start, `animation-iteration-count` sets how many times it repeats (including `infinite`), and `animation-timing-function` sets the speed curve. [S1]

## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
- **`animation-delay`** — specifies a delay for the start of an animation; negative values make the animation start as if it had already been playing for that many seconds. [S1]
- **`animation-iteration-count`** — specifies the number of times an animation should run; accepts a number or the keyword `infinite`. [S1]
- **`animation-timing-function`** — specifies the speed curve of the animation. [S1]

## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
- **Negative delay = head start** — a negative `animation-delay` begins partway through the animation. [S1]
- **Loop forever** — `animation-iteration-count: infinite;` repeats the animation endlessly. [S1]
- **Speed-curve selection** — same value set as transitions: `ease` (default), `linear`, `ease-in`, `ease-out`, `ease-in-out`, `cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n)`. [S1]

## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
**Delay an Animation**
The `animation-delay` property specifies a delay for the start of an animation. The following example has a 2 seconds delay before starting the animation: [S1]
```css
div {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  position: relative;
  background-color: red;
  animation-name: myAnimation;
  animation-duration: 4s;
  animation-delay: 2s;
}
```
Negative values are also allowed. If using negative values, the animation will start as if it had already been playing for N seconds. In the following example, the animation will start as if it had already been playing for 2 seconds: [S1]
```css
div {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  position: relative;
  background-color: red;
  animation-name: myAnimation;
  animation-duration: 4s;
  animation-delay: -2s;
}
```

**Set How Many Times an Animation Should Run**
The `animation-iteration-count` property specifies the number of times an animation should run. The following example will run the animation 3 times before it stops: [S1]
```css
div {
  animation-iteration-count: 3;
}
```
The following example uses the value "infinite" to make the animation continue for ever: [S1]
```css
div {
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
```

**Specify the Speed Curve of the Animation**
The `animation-timing-function` property specifies the speed curve of the animation. The `animation-timing-function` property can have the following values: [S1]
- `ease` — specifies an animation with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default). [S1]
- `linear` — specifies an animation with the same speed from start to end. [S1]
- `ease-in` — specifies an animation with a slow start. [S1]
- `ease-out` — specifies an animation with a slow end. [S1]
- `ease-in-out` — specifies an animation with a slow start and end. [S1]
- `cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n)` — lets you define your own values in a cubic-bezier function. [S1]

The following example shows the different speed curves that can be used: [S1]
```css
#div1 {animation-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {animation-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {animation-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {animation-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
```

## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
The page applies a 2-second positive delay and a -2-second negative delay to a `<div>`, runs an animation 3 times and then infinitely via `animation-iteration-count`, and demonstrates the five named speed curves across `#div1`–`#div5`. No external project/commit applications found in the source.

## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
Delay and iteration count (language: CSS):
```css
div {
  animation-name: myAnimation;
  animation-duration: 4s;
  animation-delay: 2s;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
```
Speed curve:
```css
#div1 {animation-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {animation-timing-function: ease;}
```

## ⚖️ 비교 및 선택 기준 (Comparison & decision criteria)
The `animation-timing-function` values offer the same trade-offs as in transitions: `linear` holds a constant speed; `ease` (default) accelerates then decelerates; `ease-in`/`ease-out` slow only the start or end; `ease-in-out` slows both ends; and `cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n)` defines a custom curve. For `animation-iteration-count`, choose a finite number for a bounded effect or `infinite` for continuous loops (e.g. spinners). [S1]

## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
No contradictions found in the source.

## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
- **상태:** draft
- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
- **신뢰 점수:** 0.88
- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)

## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
- **상위/루트:** [[CSS Tutorial]]
- **관련 개념:** [[CSS Animations]], [[CSS Animation Properties]], [[CSS Transition Timing]]
- **참조 맥락:** Adds delay, repeat, and speed-curve control on top of the basic `@keyframes` animation.

## 📚 출처 (Sources)
- [S1] W3Schools — CSS Animation Timing — https://www.w3schools.com/css/css3_animations_timing.asp

## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "CSS Animation Timing" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).