---
id: wiki-2026-0508-open-access-movement
title: Open Access Movement
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [OA, Open Science Publishing, Plan S]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [open-access, scholarly-publishing, plan-s, preprints]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: python
  framework: openalex-api
---

# Open Access Movement

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 publicly-funded research 의 publicly-readable"**. 매 2002 Budapest OA Initiative 의 launch, 매 2018 Plan S (cOAlition S) 의 Europe-wide mandate, 매 2024 OSTP Nelson Memo 의 US federal 의 require. 매 2026 의 ~50% global articles 의 OA, 매 APC ($3-12k) 의 contention 의 ongoing.

## 매 핵심

### 매 OA flavors
- **Gold**: 매 publisher journal 의 native OA. 매 APC funded.
- **Green**: 매 author self-archiving (preprint / postprint) 의 repository.
- **Hybrid**: 매 subscription journal 의 individual article 의 OA-buy.
- **Diamond**: 매 no-APC + no-paywall (community-funded). 매 2026 EU push.
- **Bronze**: 매 free-to-read 의 license unclear (예: corporate access).

### 매 stakeholders
- **Researchers**: 매 reach + citation impact 의 want.
- **Funders** (NIH, ERC, Gates): 매 OA mandates.
- **Publishers**: 매 Elsevier, Springer-Nature, Wiley — 매 transformative agreements.
- **Libraries**: 매 Big Deal cancellation, 매 read-and-publish negotiation.
- **Preprint servers**: arXiv, bioRxiv, SSRN, Research Square.

### 매 응용
1. 매 funder mandate compliance (NIH PubMed Central submission).
2. 매 institutional repository deposit.
3. 매 OA discovery (Unpaywall, OpenAlex, OA.Works).

## 💻 패턴

### OpenAlex query — recent OA papers
```python
import requests
r = requests.get(
    "https://api.openalex.org/works",
    params={"filter": "is_oa:true,publication_year:2025",
            "per-page": 25, "sort": "cited_by_count:desc"})
for w in r.json()["results"]:
    print(w["doi"], w["open_access"]["oa_status"], w["title"][:80])
```

### Unpaywall lookup (best OA copy)
```python
def find_oa(doi, email):
    r = requests.get(f"https://api.unpaywall.org/v2/{doi}", params={"email": email})
    j = r.json()
    return j["best_oa_location"]["url"] if j.get("best_oa_location") else None
```

### Preprint deposit (bioRxiv API stub)
```python
def deposit_biorxiv(metadata, pdf_path, token):
    files = {'pdf': open(pdf_path, 'rb')}
    return requests.post(
        "https://api.biorxiv.org/submit",
        headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
        data=metadata, files=files)
```

### CC-license selection helper
```python
def recommend_license(funder_mandates):
    if "plan_s" in funder_mandates or "nih_2024" in funder_mandates:
        return "CC-BY"
    return "CC-BY-NC-ND"  # author preference if unconstrained
```

### APC budget tracker
```python
def annual_apc_budget(papers, avg_apc=2500, gold_fraction=0.6):
    return papers * gold_fraction * avg_apc
# 50 papers, 60% gold → $75k/yr departmental APC
```

### Read-and-publish (transformative agreement) check
```python
def covered_by_ta(institution, publisher, agreements_db):
    return any(a["institution"] == institution and a["publisher"] == publisher
               and a["active"] for a in agreements_db)
```

### Compliance check (Plan S)
```python
def plan_s_compliant(license, apc_capped, embargo_months, repo_deposited):
    return (license in {"CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA"}
            and apc_capped
            and embargo_months == 0
            and repo_deposited)
```

## 매 결정 기준
| Funder / context | Recommended path |
|---|---|
| Plan S funder | Gold (CC-BY) or Green-immediate |
| NIH | PMC deposit ≤12 mo (now immediate post-2024) |
| Self-funded | Preprint + Diamond OA journal |
| High-IF ambition | Hybrid + TA-covered if available |

**기본값**: Preprint (arXiv/bioRxiv/SSRN) + Gold OA journal under TA — 매 reach + compliance balance.

## 🔗 Graph
- 변형: [[Plan-S]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 funder-mandate decoding, 매 license-comparison summary, 매 author-letter draft.
**언제 X**: 매 contract negotiation 의 final — 매 librarian / IP office 의 require.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Predatory journals**: 매 Beall's-list-style 의 sham OA. 매 DOAJ membership 의 verify.
- **Hybrid double-dip**: 매 subscription + APC 의 paid-twice. 매 TA negotiate.
- **Copyright transfer accident**: 매 author 의 reuse rights 의 lose. 매 retain-rights addendum.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Budapest OA Initiative 2002; Plan S 2018; OSTP Nelson Memo 2022; OpenAlex docs).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — flavors + compliance + APIs |