---
id: wiki-2026-0508-downshift
title: Downshift
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [downshift-js, useCombobox, useSelect]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [react, ui, accessibility, combobox, hooks]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: typescript
  framework: react
---

# Downshift

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 headless UI 의 accessibility-first combobox primitive"**. Kent C. Dodds 의 2017 release, 매 render-prop / hook API 의 ARIA 1.2 combobox spec 의 implement. 매 2026 의 매 alternative 의 많음 (Radix, Headless UI, Ariakit, React Aria) 이지만 매 downshift 의 매 mature / battle-tested / tiny (~5KB).

## 매 핵심

### 매 무엇 의 solve
- 매 native `<select>` 의 styling 의 unable.
- 매 custom dropdown 의 매 keyboard / screen reader / focus management 의 hard.
- 매 ARIA roles (`combobox`, `listbox`, `option`) 의 correctly wire.

### 매 API 종류
- `useCombobox` — 매 typeahead 의 search input + dropdown.
- `useSelect` — 매 native select replacement (no input).
- `useMultipleSelection` — 매 tag / chip selection.
- Render-prop `<Downshift>` — 매 legacy, 매 hooks 권장.

### 매 핵심 state
- `isOpen` — dropdown open?
- `highlightedIndex` — 매 keyboard hover.
- `selectedItem` — 매 chosen value.
- `inputValue` — 매 typed text.

### 매 응용
1. Autocomplete / type-ahead search.
2. Country / timezone picker.
3. Multi-select tag input (with `useMultipleSelection`).
4. Async-loading dropdowns.

## 💻 패턴

### Pattern 1: Basic useCombobox
```tsx
import { useCombobox } from "downshift";
import { useState } from "react";

const ALL = ["apple","banana","cherry","date","elderberry"];

export function FruitCombo() {
  const [items, setItems] = useState(ALL);
  const cb = useCombobox({
    items,
    onInputValueChange: ({ inputValue }) => {
      setItems(ALL.filter(f => f.includes(inputValue?.toLowerCase() ?? "")));
    },
  });

  return (
    <div>
      <label {...cb.getLabelProps()}>Fruit</label>
      <input {...cb.getInputProps()} />
      <ul {...cb.getMenuProps()}>
        {cb.isOpen && items.map((item, i) => (
          <li
            key={item}
            {...cb.getItemProps({ item, index: i })}
            style={{ background: cb.highlightedIndex === i ? "#def" : "white" }}
          >{item}</li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}
```

### Pattern 2: Async items (debounced)
```tsx
import { useCombobox } from "downshift";
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
import { useDebouncedValue } from "./hooks";

export function UserPicker() {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
  const debounced = useDebouncedValue(query, 250);
  const [items, setItems] = useState<User[]>([]);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!debounced) return;
    fetch(`/api/users?q=${debounced}`).then(r => r.json()).then(setItems);
  }, [debounced]);

  const cb = useCombobox({
    items,
    itemToString: u => u?.name ?? "",
    onInputValueChange: ({ inputValue }) => setQuery(inputValue ?? ""),
  });
  // 매 render UI 동일 패턴.
}
```

### Pattern 3: Multi-select with chips
```tsx
import { useCombobox, useMultipleSelection } from "downshift";

function TagInput({ all }: { all: string[] }) {
  const ms = useMultipleSelection<string>({});
  const remaining = all.filter(t => !ms.selectedItems.includes(t));
  const cb = useCombobox({
    items: remaining,
    onSelectedItemChange: ({ selectedItem }) => {
      if (selectedItem) ms.addSelectedItem(selectedItem);
    },
    selectedItem: null,
  });
  return (
    <div>
      {ms.selectedItems.map((t, i) => (
        <span key={t} {...ms.getSelectedItemProps({ selectedItem: t, index: i })}>
          {t} <button onClick={() => ms.removeSelectedItem(t)}>×</button>
        </span>
      ))}
      <input {...cb.getInputProps(ms.getDropdownProps())} />
      {/* menu... */}
    </div>
  );
}
```

### Pattern 4: useSelect (no typing)
```tsx
import { useSelect } from "downshift";

function SizeSelect() {
  const items = ["S","M","L","XL"];
  const sel = useSelect({ items });
  return (
    <>
      <button {...sel.getToggleButtonProps()}>
        {sel.selectedItem ?? "Pick size"}
      </button>
      <ul {...sel.getMenuProps()}>
        {sel.isOpen && items.map((s, i) => (
          <li key={s} {...sel.getItemProps({ item: s, index: i })}>{s}</li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </>
  );
}
```

### Pattern 5: Controlled state (Redux / Zustand)
```tsx
const cb = useCombobox({
  items,
  selectedItem: store.selected,
  onSelectedItemChange: ({ selectedItem }) => store.set(selectedItem),
  inputValue: store.input,
  onInputValueChange: ({ inputValue }) => store.setInput(inputValue ?? ""),
});
```

### Pattern 6: stateReducer for custom keyboard
```tsx
import { useCombobox } from "downshift";
const stateReducer = (state, { type, changes }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case useCombobox.stateChangeTypes.InputKeyDownEnter:
    case useCombobox.stateChangeTypes.ItemClick:
      // 매 Enter 시 dropdown 의 close 하지 X
      return { ...changes, isOpen: state.isOpen, highlightedIndex: state.highlightedIndex };
    default: return changes;
  }
};
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| React + ARIA combobox | downshift |
| Full design system (Modal, Tabs, etc.) | Radix UI / Ariakit |
| Adobe quality + i18n | React Aria |
| Tailwind + simple primitives | Headless UI |
| Vue / Svelte | downshift X — find native |

**기본값**: 매 React combobox 만 필요 시 downshift, 매 design system 전체 시 Radix.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[React]] · [[Headless UI]] · [[Accessibility (A11y)|Accessibility]]
- 변형: [[Radix UI]] · [[Ariakit]]
- 응용: [[Autocomplete]]
- Adjacent: [[Render_Props|Render Props]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 React typeahead / select 의 build, 매 a11y 의 mandatory.
**언제 X**: 매 native select 의 충분, 매 React 외 framework.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Custom keyboard 의 reinvent**: 매 stateReducer 로 override 의 의도된 path.
- **State sync mistakes**: 매 controlled / uncontrolled 의 mix — 매 하나의 choose.
- **getXxxProps 의 spread 의 omit**: 매 ARIA attrs 의 lost — 매 a11y 의 break.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (downshift v9 docs, ARIA 1.2 combobox pattern, GitHub 11k+ stars).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — useCombobox + useSelect + multi-select |