---
id: cpp-enum
title: "C++ Enumeration (enum)"
category: "Programming_Language"
status: "draft"
verification_status: "conceptual"
canonical_id: ""
aliases: ["enum keyword", "named constants", "C++ 열거형"]
duplicate_of: ""
source_trust_level: "B"
confidence_score: 0.85
created_at: 2026-07-04
updated_at: 2026-07-04
review_reason: ""
merge_history: []
tags: ["cpp", "programming-language", "w3schools", "enums"]
raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_enum.asp"]
applied_in: []
github_commit: ""
---

# [[CPP Enumeration (enum)]]

## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
This chapter is essentially IDENTICAL to C's enum chapter in every detail — default zero-based numbering, forward-cascading custom values, and enum-in-switch usage all reappear with the exact same `Level`/`LOW`/`MEDIUM`/`HIGH` example — the only visible change is `cout <<` replacing `printf("%d", ...)`, confirming C++ inherited its enum semantics from C completely unmodified (unlike structs, where C++ added meaningful new behavior). [S1]

## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
- **`enum`** — a type representing a group of named, unchangeable constants. [S1]
- **Default numbering** — first item is 0, second is 1, etc. [S1]
- **Forward-cascading custom values** — setting one item's value shifts all subsequent unlabeled items to continue counting up from it. [S1]
- **Enum as an int under the hood** — printing an enum variable with `cout <<` shows its underlying integer value, enabling direct use in `switch` statements. [S1]

## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
- Default numbering: `enum Level { LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH }; enum Level myVar = MEDIUM; cout << myVar; // 1`. [S1]
- Fully custom values: `enum Level { LOW = 25, MEDIUM = 50, HIGH = 75 };`. [S1]
- Cascading from one custom value: `enum Level { LOW = 5, MEDIUM, HIGH };` — MEDIUM becomes 6, HIGH becomes 7. [S1]
- Enum used in a switch: `enum Level myVar = MEDIUM; switch (myVar) { case 1: ... case 2: ... case 3: ... }`. [S1]

## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
- 현재까지 발견된 모순 사항 없음 (No contradictions found in available sources). C 챕터와 완전히 동일한 열거형 동작(기본 번호 매기기, 연쇄적 값 갱신, switch 연동)이 확인됨.

## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — 요일이나 월과 같이 절대 변하지 않는 값 집합에 enum을 사용하는 것이 실전 활용의 대표 사례로 원문에 직접 제시됨. [S1]

## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
Setting one enum value causes subsequent items to cascade forward from it (C++):
```cpp
enum Level {
  LOW = 5,
  MEDIUM, // Now 6
  HIGH    // Now 7
};
```

## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
- **상태:** draft
- **검증 단계:** conceptual
- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
- **신뢰 점수:** 0.85
- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)

## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
- **상위/루트:** [[C++ Tutorial]]
- **관련 개념:** [[CPP Structs]], [[CPP Switch]], [[CPP References]], [[C Enums]]
- **참조 맥락:** 구조체 및 열거형 섹션 마지막 — 참조·포인터·메모리(References, Pointers & Memory) 섹션으로 이어짐.

## 📚 출처 (Sources)
- [S1] W3Schools — C++ Enumeration (enum) — https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_enum.asp

## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C++ Enumeration (enum)" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).