---
id: wiki-2026-0508-continuous-integration-ci
title: Continuous Integration (CI)
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [CI, Continuous Integration, 지속적 통합]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.92
verification_status: applied
tags: [ci, devops, automation, github-actions]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: yaml
  framework: github-actions
---

# Continuous Integration (CI)

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 push마다 build + test, fast feedback"**. Grady Booch (1991) 가 제안, Martin Fowler 가 대중화. 2026 현재 GitHub Actions / GitLab CI 가 표준이며, AI-assisted PR review (Claude Opus 4.7) 와 결합되어 매 commit 검증 cycle 이 분 단위로 압축됨.

## 매 핵심

### 매 원칙
- **Mainline integration 빈번**: 매 developer 매일 main 에 merge.
- **Automated build**: 매 commit trigger build pipeline.
- **Automated test**: unit + integration + lint 매 자동 실행.
- **Fast feedback**: <10 min 안에 결과. 길어지면 dev 매 ignore.
- **Single source of truth**: 매 single repo, single mainline.

### 매 stages
- **Lint** (10s) — eslint, ruff, gofmt.
- **Unit test** (1-3 min) — vitest, pytest, go test.
- **Integration test** (3-8 min) — testcontainers, ephemeral DB.
- **Build artifact** (1-2 min) — docker image, npm tarball.
- **Static analysis** (parallel) — SonarQube, Snyk, CodeQL.

### 매 응용
1. SaaS product 매 trunk-based development.
2. Open-source project 매 PR validation.
3. Monorepo 매 affected-only build (Turborepo, Nx).

## 💻 패턴

### Modern GitHub Actions (2026)
```yaml
name: CI
on:
  push: { branches: [main] }
  pull_request:
  merge_group:

concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
        with: { node-version: '22', cache: 'pnpm' }
      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
      - run: pnpm lint
      - run: pnpm test --coverage
      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
```

### Matrix build
```yaml
strategy:
  fail-fast: false
  matrix:
    os: [ubuntu-24.04, macos-14, windows-2022]
    node: [20, 22]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
```

### Affected-only (monorepo)
```yaml
- run: pnpm exec turbo run test --filter=...[origin/main]
```

### Reusable workflow
```yaml
# .github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
      node-version: { type: string, default: '22' }
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps: [ ... ]
```

### Container-based test (testcontainers)
```python
# pytest with ephemeral postgres
from testcontainers.postgres import PostgresContainer

def test_repo():
    with PostgresContainer("postgres:17") as pg:
        url = pg.get_connection_url()
        # run integration test against real DB
```

### Cache layers (docker buildx)
```yaml
- uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
  with:
    context: .
    cache-from: type=gha
    cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
    tags: ghcr.io/org/app:${{ github.sha }}
```

### AI PR review (2026)
```yaml
- uses: anthropic-experimental/claude-code-action@v1
  with:
    api-key: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
    model: claude-opus-4-7
    review-mode: pr-comment
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Open-source GitHub repo | GitHub Actions |
| Self-hosted, private | GitLab CI / Drone |
| Monorepo | Turborepo + affected-only |
| Polyglot, complex | Buildkite / Bazel |
| Mobile (iOS/Android) | Bitrise / Xcode Cloud |

**기본값**: GitHub Actions + concurrency cancel + matrix + cache.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[DevOps]]
- 변형: [[Continuous Deployment]] · [[Trunk-Based Development]]
- 응용: [[GitHub Actions]]
- Adjacent: [[Test Automation]] · [[Static Analysis]] · [[153_pre-commit과_품질_게이트|Pre-commit Hooks]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: PR diff review, flaky test detection, commit message generation, changelog 생성.
**언제 X**: secret-handling pipeline (보안), production deploy gate (deterministic 해야 함).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Slow pipeline (>20 min)**: dev 매 ignore, "broken main" 정상화.
- **Flaky test 방치**: trust collapse → 매 retry, retry, retry.
- **No mainline protection**: 직접 push to main, PR 없음.
- **Build on developer machine only**: "works on my machine" 재현.
- **Secrets in logs**: env 출력, token leak.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Fowler 2006 *Continuous Integration* article, GitHub Actions docs 2026).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — full content with modern GitHub Actions patterns |