---
id: wiki-2026-0508-restorative-justice
title: Restorative Justice
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Restorative Practice, RJ, Community Justice]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.85
verification_status: applied
tags: [justice, ethics, community, governance]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: n/a
  framework: governance
---

# Restorative Justice

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 처벌이 아닌 관계 회복으로 갈등을 해결"**. 매 1970s Howard Zehr 의 정립, 매 New Zealand 1989 Family Group Conference 법제화 가 milestone. 매 2026 software/community governance, AI safety incident response 에도 적용.

## 매 핵심

### 매 vs Punitive Justice
- **Punitive**: "What law was broken? Who did it? What punishment?"
- **Restorative**: "Who was harmed? What are their needs? Whose obligations are these?"
- **Procedural**: rule-following 강조. RJ 는 outcome (harm repair) 강조.

### 매 핵심 가치
- **Accountability**: 책임 의 active 인정 — passive 처벌 X.
- **Healing**: victim, offender, community 모두 의 회복.
- **Voice**: stakeholder 모두 의 발언권.
- **Relationship**: 관계 회복 우선.

### 매 응용
1. School discipline (US, UK 의 도입).
2. Criminal justice diversion programs.
3. Workplace conflict (HR mediation).
4. Online community moderation (Discord, GitHub).
5. AI incident response (post-mortem culture).

## 💻 패턴

### Conference structure
```
1. Pre-conference: 매 stakeholder 와 facilitator 의 prep.
2. Storytelling: 매 each party 의 narrative.
3. Impact: harm 의 articulation.
4. Need identification: what would help?
5. Agreement: concrete actions.
6. Follow-up: accountability check.
```

### Software incident (post-mortem)
```markdown
# Post-Mortem: Production Outage 2026-05-09

## Who was affected
- 12,000 users (3hr API down)
- On-call engineer (sleep disruption)
- CS team (200 tickets)

## What happened (no blame)
- Deploy at 03:00 UTC introduced N+1 query
- Monitoring alert delayed 15min

## Repair
- [ ] Refund/credit affected users
- [ ] On-call rotation adjustment
- [ ] CS team additional comp

## Prevention (system, not person)
- [ ] Pre-deploy load test gate
- [ ] Alert threshold tightening
```

### Community moderation (RJ flow)
```ts
type Incident = {
  reporter: UserId;
  accused: UserId;
  description: string;
};

async function restorativeFlow(i: Incident) {
  await dm(i.reporter, "We hear you. What outcome would help?");
  const need = await waitReply(i.reporter);
  await dm(i.accused, `A community member shared they were hurt by [...]. Are you open to a conversation?`);
  if (await consent(i.accused)) {
    await scheduleFacilitatedChat(i.reporter, i.accused, need);
  } else {
    await escalateToFormal(i);
  }
}
```

### Circle process
```
- 매 participant 의 talking piece 보유시 발언.
- 매 facilitator 의 question prompt 의 sequence.
- 매 silence OK.
- 매 agreement 의 collective.
```

### Apology framework (Lazare)
```
1. Acknowledgment: "I did X."
2. Explanation (not excuse): "Because Y."
3. Remorse: "I see harm caused."
4. Repair: "I will Z to make it right."
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| First-time, low-harm | RJ conference |
| Repeated, predatory | Punitive + protection |
| Power imbalance severe | RJ X (re-traumatization risk) |
| Anonymous online harm | Hybrid (account action + community education) |
| Workplace senior→junior | RJ + structural change |

**기본값**: harm-first framing + voluntary participation + structural prevention.

## 🔗 Graph
- 응용: [[Post-Mortem]] · [[Conflict Resolution]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: post-mortem template 작성, mediation script 초안, policy review.
**언제 X**: live mediation (human empathy 의 irreplaceable).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Forced participation**: 매 victim 의 secondary harm.
- **Surface-only**: structural cause 의 외면.
- **No follow-up**: agreement 후 accountability gap.
- **Power blind**: senior↔junior 의 same-level treatment.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Howard Zehr "Changing Lenses", UN handbook 2020).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — RJ + software application |