---
id: wiki-2026-0508-growth-mindset
title: Growth Mindset
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [growth mindset, fixed mindset, Carol Dweck, mindset theory, intelligence beliefs]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [psychology, education, mindset, dweck, intervention, effort]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: Psychology / Education
  applicable_to: [Education, Coaching, Workplace]
---

# Growth Mindset

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 ability 의 의 의 develop 의 가능 의 belief"**. Carol Dweck (Stanford). 매 fixed (talent fixed) ↔ growth (effort + strategy 의 의 의 grow). 매 modern: 매 effect size 의 small but real (Sisk meta-analysis 2018), 매 implementation 의 critical.

## 매 핵심

### 매 vs fixed
- **Fixed**: 매 ability is innate, 매 effort = lack of talent.
- **Growth**: 매 ability develops, 매 effort + strategy = path.
- **Hybrid** (most people): 매 domain-specific.

### 매 evidence
- **Mueller & Dweck 1998**: 매 praise effort vs ability.
- **Yeager 2019** (NSLM): 매 large RCT — 매 9th-grader effect on low-achievers.
- **Sisk meta-analysis 2018**: 매 effect size 의 small but reliable.
- **Replication concerns** (Macnamara 2018).

### 매 modern nuance
- **Not magic**: 매 effort ≠ outcome alone.
- **Strategy matters**: 매 deliberate practice.
- **Context matters**: 매 environment 의 fix barriers first.
- **Praise process** (specific) 의 of 매 ability.

### 매 응용
1. **Education**: 매 student.
2. **Workplace**: 매 manager feedback.
3. **Sports / arts**: 매 coaching.
4. **Therapy** (CBT-related).
5. **Parenting**.

## 💻 패턴

### Praise pattern
```python
# 매 ❌ Fixed (ability praise)
"You're so smart!"

# 매 ✅ Growth (process praise)
"I can see you tried different strategies on that problem."
"Your effort paid off — you stuck with it."
"What strategy worked? What would you try next?"
```

### Self-talk reframe
```python
FIXED_TO_GROWTH = {
    "I can't do this.": "I can't do this YET.",
    "I'm not good at this.": "What am I missing?",
    "I made a mistake.": "Mistakes help me learn.",
    "It's good enough.": "Is this really my best work?",
    "I'll never be as smart as her.": "I'll figure out what she does.",
}
```

### Implementation intention
```python
def growth_mindset_intent(challenge):
    return f"When I encounter {challenge}, I will: try a new strategy, ask for feedback, see it as an opportunity."
```

### Effort + strategy track
```python
class LearningJournal:
    def log(self, task, effort_min, strategy_used, outcome, lesson):
        self.entries.append({
            'task': task, 'effort': effort_min,
            'strategy': strategy_used, 'outcome': outcome,
            'lesson': lesson,
        })
    
    def reflect(self):
        # 매 매 strategy 의 의 outcome 의 correlate
        return analyze_strategy_outcome(self.entries)
```

### Yet (powerful word)
```python
def add_yet(statement):
    if statement.endswith("can't") or statement.endswith("don't"):
        return statement + " yet"
    return statement
```

### Feedback rubric
```yaml
process_feedback:
  - specific: "You broke the problem into steps before solving"
  - effort: "You spent time understanding before answering"
  - strategy: "Try writing it out next time"
  - growth: "Last week you struggled with this — now you got it"

avoid:
  - global ability: "You're a math genius"
  - person: "You're so smart"
```

### Brainology-style intervention
```python
def neuroplasticity_lesson():
    return """
The brain is like a muscle. Every time you tackle a hard problem:
1. Neurons fire and form new connections.
2. The connections get stronger with practice.
3. Mistakes ARE learning — that's where growth happens.
4. Your brain physically changes when you learn.
"""
```

### School climate intervention (Yeager NSLM)
```python
def nslm_session():
    """매 ~50 min — 매 RCT-validated."""
    return [
        ('intro_brain_grows', 5),
        ('story_struggling_student_grew', 10),
        ('exercise_my_struggle_strategy', 15),
        ('write_letter_advice_to_struggling_peer', 15),
        ('reflection', 5),
    ]
```

### Track (per-student)
```python
def mindset_score(student_responses):
    """매 Dweck Mindset Quiz — 매 8 items, Likert 1-6."""
    growth_items = student_responses[::2]  # 매 even
    fixed_items = student_responses[1::2]  # 매 odd reverse
    return (sum(growth_items) + sum(7 - x for x in fixed_items)) / 8
```

### Workplace manager script
```python
GROWTH_FEEDBACK_TEMPLATES = [
    "I noticed you tried [strategy]. What did you learn?",
    "What's one challenge you want to take on this quarter?",
    "When this didn't go as planned, what's one thing you'd do differently?",
    "What did you struggle with this week? That's where the learning happens.",
]
```

### Combine with deliberate practice
```python
def growth_practice_session(skill):
    return {
        'mindset': 'I can grow this skill with focused practice',
        'specific_subskill': identify_weakness(skill),
        'feedback_loop': 'recorded session, coach review',
        'effortful': 'just beyond current ability',
        'duration_min': 60,
        'reflection': 'what worked, what didn't, next iteration',
    }
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| K-12 student | NSLM-style intervention |
| Workplace | Manager training + feedback rubric |
| Therapy | CBT + reframe |
| Self-coaching | Journal + yet |
| Sports / arts | Coach feedback + deliberate practice |

**기본값**: 매 process praise + yet + journal + manager training. 매 intervention 매 always pair with environmental support (resources, role models).

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Psychology]]
- 변형: [[Growth-Mindset|Growth-Mindset-Intervention]]
- 응용: [[Deliberate-Practice]]
- Adjacent: [[Grit]] · [[Eudaimonia-and-Well-being]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 education app. 매 coaching tool. 매 reflection journal.
**언제 X**: 매 toxic positivity 의 risk.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Effort-only obsession**: 매 strategy/feedback 의 ignore.
- **Fixed mindset gaslighting**: 매 environment problem 의 attribute to mindset.
- **Praise inflation**: 매 every effort = special.
- **Single intervention**: 매 follow-up 의 X.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Dweck 2006/2017, Yeager 2019, Sisk 2018, Macnamara 2018 critique).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-04-26 | Auto |
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Dweck + 매 praise / yet / NSLM / journal code |