docs(10_Wiki): Dev 폴더 누락분 반영 — Topic_Programming으로 통합

이전 재구성 작업에서 Dev/ 폴더가 누락되었던 것을 반영. - Dev/Topic_Programming(중첩 폴더, 78개)은 Dev 자체 최상위 폴더들 (Architecture/Conventions/Engineering_Intelligence 등)과 완전 중복이라 제거. - Dev 최상위 엔지니어링 지식 폴더(Architecture/Conventions/Engineering_Intelligence/ Failure_Library/Generalized_Principles/Language/Pattern_Catalog/Platform_Guides/ Subsystems, 77개)는 이미 Topic_Programming/Topic_Programming에 더 최신 버전이 존재해 중복 제거(고유 콘텐츠 1개는 예외 처리하여 이동 보존). - Dev의 W3Schools 언어 튜토리얼 폴더(Topic_C/CPP/CSS/CSharp/HOWTO/HTML/Java/ JavaScript/PHP/Python/SQL/W3CSS, 1201개)는 전부 Topic_Programming 하위로 이동. - 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/docs)는 그대로 유지, 콘텐츠 폴더만 정리. - Topic_Programming 최종 문서 수: 2784 → 3985.
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+---
+id: csharp-exceptions
+title: "C# Exceptions - Try..Catch"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["try catch finally throw C#", "e.Message", "C# 예외 처리"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.85
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["csharp", "programming-language", "w3schools", "exceptions"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/cs/cs_exceptions.php"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[CSharp Exceptions]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+The `try { } catch (Exception e) { } finally { }` structure is functionally identical to C++'s exception handling already documented in `[[CPP Exceptions]]`, but where C++ typically catches by REFERENCE to a specific exception type (`catch (std::exception& e)`) and reads its message via `.what()`, C# catches the generic base `Exception` type and reads the message via a `.Message` PROPERTY (no parentheses — consistent with the property-not-method pattern already confirmed for `.Length` in the Strings chapter); `throw new ArithmeticException("...")` also demonstrates that C# ships a family of ready-made, semantically-named exception classes (`ArithmeticException`, `FileNotFoundException`, `IndexOutOfRangeException`, `TimeOutException`) rather than requiring the programmer to define custom exception types from scratch for common cases. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **Exception** — the technical term for an error C# "throws" when something goes wrong (bad input, coding errors, unforeseen conditions). [S1]
+- **`try { }`** — a block of code tested for errors during execution. [S1]
+- **`catch (Exception e) { }`** — a block that runs IF an error occurs inside the paired `try` block; `e` is a variable holding the exception object. [S1]
+- **`e.Message`** — a property (no parentheses) on the caught exception, describing what went wrong. [S1]
+- **`finally { }`** — runs AFTER the try/catch, regardless of whether an error occurred or was caught. [S1]
+- **`throw new ExceptionType("message")`** — creates and raises a CUSTOM error, using one of C#'s built-in exception classes (`ArithmeticException`, `FileNotFoundException`, `IndexOutOfRangeException`, `TimeOutException`, etc.). [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Unhandled error: `int[] myNumbers = {1, 2, 3}; Console.WriteLine(myNumbers[10]);` → `System.IndexOutOfRangeException: 'Index was outside the bounds of the array.'`. [S1]
+- Caught with built-in message: `try { ...myNumbers[10]... } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); }` → `"Index was outside the bounds of the array."`. [S1]
+- Caught with custom message: `catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Something went wrong."); }` → `"Something went wrong."` (note: `e` is available but not necessarily used). [S1]
+- With `finally`: adding `finally { Console.WriteLine("The 'try catch' is finished."); }` runs that line AFTER the catch block regardless of outcome. [S1]
+- Custom throw: `static void checkAge(int age) { if (age < 18) { throw new ArithmeticException("Access denied - You must be at least 18 years old."); } else { Console.WriteLine("Access granted - You are old enough!"); } } ... checkAge(15);` → throws `System.ArithmeticException: 'Access denied...'`; `checkAge(20);` → prints `"Access granted - You are old enough!"`. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- **C++의 예외 처리와 구조는 동일, 메시지 접근 방식이 다름**: try/catch/finally 구조 자체는 `[[CPP Exceptions]]`에서 확인된 C++와 차이가 없지만, C++가 보통 `.what()` 메서드로 예외 메시지를 얻는 반면 C#은 `.Message`라는 프로퍼티(괄호 없음)로 접근한다는 점이 확인됨 — Strings 챕터에서 확인된 프로퍼티 vs 메서드 구분이 예외 객체에도 그대로 적용됨. [S1]
+- **즉시 사용 가능한 다양한 내장 예외 클래스 제공**: `ArithmeticException`, `FileNotFoundException`, `IndexOutOfRangeException`, `TimeOutException` 등 의미가 명확한 예외 클래스들이 기본 제공되어, throw할 때 매번 커스텀 예외 타입을 새로 정의할 필요가 없다는 점이 확인됨. [S1]
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+나이가 18세 미만이면 ArithmeticException을 throw하고, 18세 이상이면 "Access granted"를 출력하는 checkAge() 함수 예제가 원문에서 직접 실전 활용 사례로 제시됨. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+try/catch/finally with a custom throw (C#):
+```csharp
+static void checkAge(int age)
+{
+    if (age < 18)
+    {
+        throw new ArithmeticException("Access denied - You must be at least 18 years old.");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Access granted - You are old enough!");
+    }
+}
+
+try
+{
+    checkAge(15);
+}
+catch (Exception e)
+{
+    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);  // property, no parentheses
+}
+finally
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("The 'try catch' is finished.");
+}
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.85
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[C# Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[CSharp User Input]], [[CSharp Files]], [[CPP Exceptions]], [[CSharp Strings]]
+- **참조 맥락:** Exceptions 섹션의 유일 챕터 — Files 섹션으로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — C# Exceptions - Try..Catch — https://www.w3schools.com/cs/cs_exceptions.php
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C# Exceptions - Try..Catch" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).