docs(10_Wiki): Dev 폴더 누락분 반영 — Topic_Programming으로 통합
이전 재구성 작업에서 Dev/ 폴더가 누락되었던 것을 반영. - Dev/Topic_Programming(중첩 폴더, 78개)은 Dev 자체 최상위 폴더들 (Architecture/Conventions/Engineering_Intelligence 등)과 완전 중복이라 제거. - Dev 최상위 엔지니어링 지식 폴더(Architecture/Conventions/Engineering_Intelligence/ Failure_Library/Generalized_Principles/Language/Pattern_Catalog/Platform_Guides/ Subsystems, 77개)는 이미 Topic_Programming/Topic_Programming에 더 최신 버전이 존재해 중복 제거(고유 콘텐츠 1개는 예외 처리하여 이동 보존). - Dev의 W3Schools 언어 튜토리얼 폴더(Topic_C/CPP/CSS/CSharp/HOWTO/HTML/Java/ JavaScript/PHP/Python/SQL/W3CSS, 1201개)는 전부 Topic_Programming 하위로 이동. - 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/docs)는 그대로 유지, 콘텐츠 폴더만 정리. - Topic_Programming 최종 문서 수: 2784 → 3985.
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Antigravity Agent
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---
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id: css-text-spacing
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title: "CSS Text Spacing"
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category: "Frontend"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["text spacing", "text-indent", "letter-spacing", "line-height", "word-spacing", "white-space"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.88
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created_at: 2026-06-23
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updated_at: 2026-06-23
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["css", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "text", "spacing"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_text_spacing.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[CSS Text Spacing]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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CSS provides five text-spacing properties — `text-indent`, `letter-spacing`, `line-height`, `word-spacing`, and `white-space` — to control indentation, character/word/line spacing, and whitespace handling. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **`text-indent`** — specifies the indentation of the first line in a text-block; negative values are permitted for leftward indentation. [S1]
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- **`letter-spacing`** — specifies the space between the characters in a text; negative values are allowed. [S1]
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- **`line-height`** — specifies the space between lines; negative values are not permitted. [S1]
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- **`word-spacing`** — specifies the space between the words in a text; negative values are allowed. [S1]
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- **`white-space`** — specifies how whitespace inside an element is handled; values include `normal`, `nowrap`, `pre`, `pre-line`, and `pre-wrap`. [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **First-line indent pattern** — `text-indent: <length>;` to indent the opening line of a block. [S1]
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- **Character/word tracking pattern** — adjust `letter-spacing` and `word-spacing` (including negative values) to tighten or loosen spacing. [S1]
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- **Line density pattern** — use unitless `line-height` (e.g., `0.8` vs `1.8`) for tighter or looser line spacing. [S1]
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- **No-wrap pattern** — `white-space: nowrap;` to prevent text from wrapping. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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The page discusses five CSS properties for controlling text spacing: `text-indent`, `letter-spacing`, `line-height`, `word-spacing`, and `white-space`. [S1]
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**Text Indentation** — "The CSS `text-indent` property is used to specify the indentation of the first line in a text-block." Negative values are permitted for leftward indentation. [S1]
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```css
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p {
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text-indent: 50px;
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}
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```
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**Letter Spacing** — "The CSS `letter-spacing` property is used to specify the space between the characters in a text." Negative values are allowed. [S1]
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```css
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h1 {
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letter-spacing: 5px;
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}
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h2 {
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letter-spacing: -2px;
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}
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```
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**Line Height** — "The CSS `line-height` property is used to specify the space between lines." Negative values are not permitted. [S1]
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```css
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p.small {
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line-height: 0.8;
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}
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p.big {
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line-height: 1.8;
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}
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```
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**Word Spacing** — "The CSS `word-spacing` property is used to specify the space between the words in a text." Negative values are allowed. [S1]
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```css
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p.one {
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word-spacing: 10px;
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}
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p.two {
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word-spacing: -2px;
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}
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```
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**White Space** — "The CSS `white-space` property specifies how white-space inside an element is handled." This property can accept values including `normal`, `nowrap`, `pre`, `pre-line`, and `pre-wrap`. [S1]
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```css
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p {
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white-space: nowrap;
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}
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```
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A summary table on the page lists each property with its description, linking to detailed CSS reference documentation for each spacing attribute. [S1]
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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The page's own examples are the applied cases: first-line indentation, positive/negative letter spacing, tight vs loose line height, positive/negative word spacing, and a no-wrap whitespace rule. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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Spacing properties (language: CSS):
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```css
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selector {
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text-indent: <length>;
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letter-spacing: <length>;
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line-height: <number | length>;
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word-spacing: <length>;
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white-space: normal | nowrap | pre | pre-line | pre-wrap;
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}
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```
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Concrete example:
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```css
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p.big {
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line-height: 1.8;
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}
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```
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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No contradictions found in the source.
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.88
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[CSS Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[CSS Text Transformation]], [[CSS Text Alignment]], [[CSS Text Decoration]]
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- **참조 맥락:** Referenced when tuning the spacing and whitespace handling of textual content.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — CSS Text Spacing — https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_text_spacing.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "CSS Text Spacing" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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