docs(10_Wiki): Dev 폴더 누락분 반영 — Topic_Programming으로 통합

이전 재구성 작업에서 Dev/ 폴더가 누락되었던 것을 반영.

- Dev/Topic_Programming(중첩 폴더, 78개)은 Dev 자체 최상위 폴더들
  (Architecture/Conventions/Engineering_Intelligence 등)과 완전 중복이라 제거.
- Dev 최상위 엔지니어링 지식 폴더(Architecture/Conventions/Engineering_Intelligence/
  Failure_Library/Generalized_Principles/Language/Pattern_Catalog/Platform_Guides/
  Subsystems, 77개)는 이미 Topic_Programming/Topic_Programming에 더 최신 버전이
  존재해 중복 제거(고유 콘텐츠 1개는 예외 처리하여 이동 보존).
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  JavaScript/PHP/Python/SQL/W3CSS, 1201개)는 전부 Topic_Programming 하위로 이동.
- 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/docs)는 그대로 유지, 콘텐츠 폴더만 정리.
- Topic_Programming 최종 문서 수: 2784 → 3985.

10_Wiki/Topic_Programming/Topic_C/C_Strings.md

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+id: c-strings
+title: "C Strings"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["char array", "null terminator", "C 문자열"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.87
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["c", "programming-language", "w3schools", "strings"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_strings.php"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[C Strings]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+C has no true `String` type at all — a string is just an array of `char`s ending in a special `\0` null-terminator character, proven directly by the fact that `sizeof()` reports the SAME size (13 bytes) whether the string was written as a convenient literal (`"Hello World!"`) or manually spelled out character-by-character with an explicit `\0` at the end (`{'H','e',...,'!','\0'}`) — the literal syntax is pure convenience, not a different underlying type. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **No dedicated String type** — a C "string" is a `char` array; `char greetings[] = "Hello World!";` is the idiomatic way to create one. [S1]
+- **`%s` format specifier** — used to print an entire string (as opposed to `%c` for a single character). [S1]
+- **Index access** — since a string is an array, `greetings[0]` accesses its first character, printed with `%c`. [S1]
+- **Mutable characters** — individual characters can be reassigned via index (`greetings[0] = 'J';`), changing the string in place. [S1]
+- **Null terminator (`\0`)** — required at the end of a manually-built character-list string; string literals get it added automatically. [S1]
+- **Loop-through pattern** — iterating a string's characters via a `for` loop, ideally using `sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0])` for the length instead of a hardcoded number. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Modifying a single character: `char greetings[] = "Hello World!"; greetings[0] = 'J'; printf("%s", greetings); // Outputs Jello World!`. [S1]
+- Manual character-list construction requiring an explicit null terminator: `char greetings[] = {'H','e','l','l','o',' ','W','o','r','l','d','!','\0'};`. [S1]
+- Proving both construction methods produce identically-sized arrays: `printf("%zu\n", sizeof(greetings));  // 13` and `printf("%zu\n", sizeof(greetings2)); // 13` (literal form auto-adds `\0`). [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- **문자열 리터럴과 수동 문자 나열의 동등성**: 두 방식 모두 결국 동일한 크기(13바이트, \0 포함)의 char 배열을 만든다는 점이 sizeof 비교로 직접 증명됨 — 리터럴은 단지 \0을 자동으로 추가해주는 편의 문법일 뿐. [S1]
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+인사말과 이름을 조합해 환영 메시지를 만드는 예제(`"%s %s!", message, fname`)가 원문에서 직접 실전 활용 사례로 제시됨. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+Looping through a string's characters using sizeof for a portable length calculation (C):
+```c
+char carName[] = "Volvo";
+int length = sizeof(carName) / sizeof(carName[0]);
+int i;
+for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+  printf("%c\n", carName[i]);
+}
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.87
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[C Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[C Operators Precedence]], [[C Arrays]], [[C Strings Esc]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 문자열 섹션 첫 챕터 — 특수문자/이스케이프(Strings Esc) 챕터로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — C Strings — https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_strings.php
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C Strings" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).