refactor(topics): 멀티 에이전트용 지식 재편 — _Common(공통 기본기) + Domain_* 구조

에이전트 8종(대화형/프로그래머 C·S/디자이너/설계자/기획자/QA/PD/PM)에게
[공통 기본 능력 + 롤별 Specialty] 2층으로 지식을 주입하기 위한 재분류.
문서 내용·포맷은 무수정, 폴더 이동만 (6,372개 문서 수 보존 확인).

- Topic_Programming → Domain_Programming (내부 구조 보존)
- Topic_Graphic → Domain_Design
- Topic_Business → Domain_Product
- Topic_General → Domain_General
- _Common 신설: Math(구 Topic_Math_Specialty), Reasoning(구 General/From_Thinking & Reasoning),
  Reasoning_Creativity(구 General/From_창의성), Communication(Poetic_Blog_Writing + From_writing)
- 타 도메인의 From_* 폴더는 유지 (출처 표기일 뿐, 이미 도메인에 맞게 분류된 문서)
- 빈 폴더 정리 (memory/procedures)
- 에이전트→폴더 매핑은 workspace의 .astra/agent-knowledge-map.json (9개 에이전트)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Antigravity Agent
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---
id: wiki-2026-0508-swarm-intelligence
title: Swarm Intelligence
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Swarm AI, Collective Intelligence, Multi-Agent Optimization]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [optimization, multi-agent, bio-inspired, ai]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
language: python
framework: numpy-deap
---
# Swarm Intelligence
## 매 한 줄
> **"매 simple agents 의 collective 의 emergent intelligence"**. 매 ant colony, bird flock, bee swarm 의 inspired — 매 local rules + interaction 의 global optimization. 2026 의 application 의 LLM agent swarms (CrewAI, AutoGen) + classic optim.
## 매 핵심
### 매 핵심 algorithms
- **PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)**: 매 particle 의 personal best + global best 의 update.
- **ACO (Ant Colony Optimization)**: 매 pheromone trail 의 path optim — TSP.
- **ABC (Artificial Bee Colony)**: 매 employed/onlooker/scout 의 분업.
- **Firefly / Cuckoo**: 매 attractiveness / Lévy flight 의 search.
### 매 properties
- **Decentralization**: 매 central control 의 X.
- **Self-organization**: 매 local interaction → global pattern.
- **Robustness**: 매 single agent 의 fail 의 swarm 의 survive.
- **Stigmergy**: 매 environment 의 state 의 indirect communication (pheromone).
### 매 응용
1. Routing (vehicle, network).
2. Scheduling (job shop, cloud workload).
3. Hyperparameter tuning (PSO 의 grid search 의 대체).
4. LLM multi-agent (CrewAI roles, debate, voting).
5. Drone swarms (formation, coverage).
## 💻 패턴
### PSO — minimize objective
```python
import numpy as np
def pso(f, dim, n=30, iters=200, w=0.7, c1=1.5, c2=1.5, lo=-5, hi=5):
x = np.random.uniform(lo, hi, (n, dim))
v = np.zeros_like(x)
pbest = x.copy()
pbest_val = np.array([f(p) for p in x])
g = pbest[pbest_val.argmin()]
for _ in range(iters):
r1, r2 = np.random.rand(n, dim), np.random.rand(n, dim)
v = w*v + c1*r1*(pbest - x) + c2*r2*(g - x)
x = np.clip(x + v, lo, hi)
vals = np.array([f(p) for p in x])
mask = vals < pbest_val
pbest[mask], pbest_val[mask] = x[mask], vals[mask]
g = pbest[pbest_val.argmin()]
return g, pbest_val.min()
best, val = pso(lambda x: np.sum(x**2), dim=10)
```
### ACO — TSP
```python
import numpy as np
def aco_tsp(dist, n_ants=20, iters=100, alpha=1, beta=3, rho=0.1, Q=1):
n = len(dist)
tau = np.ones((n, n))
eta = 1 / (dist + 1e-10)
best_path, best_len = None, float('inf')
for _ in range(iters):
paths = []
for _ in range(n_ants):
path = [np.random.randint(n)]
unvisited = set(range(n)) - {path[0]}
while unvisited:
i = path[-1]
p = np.array([(tau[i,j]**alpha) * (eta[i,j]**beta) for j in unvisited])
p /= p.sum()
j = list(unvisited)[np.random.choice(len(unvisited), p=p)]
path.append(j)
unvisited.remove(j)
paths.append(path)
# update
tau *= (1 - rho)
for path in paths:
length = sum(dist[path[i], path[i+1]] for i in range(n-1))
if length < best_len:
best_len, best_path = length, path
for i in range(n-1):
tau[path[i], path[i+1]] += Q / length
return best_path, best_len
```
### LLM agent swarm — CrewAI
```python
from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
researcher = Agent(role="Researcher", goal="find facts",
llm="claude-opus-4-7")
critic = Agent(role="Critic", goal="poke holes",
llm="claude-opus-4-7")
synth = Agent(role="Synthesizer", goal="merge views",
llm="claude-opus-4-7")
crew = Crew(
agents=[researcher, critic, synth],
tasks=[
Task(description="research X", agent=researcher),
Task(description="critique research", agent=critic),
Task(description="synthesize", agent=synth),
],
process="sequential",
)
result = crew.kickoff()
```
### Boids — flocking simulation
```python
import numpy as np
def boids_step(pos, vel, sep_r=1, ali_r=3, coh_r=5, max_v=2):
n = len(pos)
new_vel = vel.copy()
for i in range(n):
d = np.linalg.norm(pos - pos[i], axis=1)
sep = -np.sum((pos[d < sep_r] - pos[i]), axis=0)
ali = np.mean(vel[(d < ali_r) & (d > 0)], axis=0) - vel[i] if ((d < ali_r) & (d > 0)).any() else 0
coh = np.mean(pos[(d < coh_r) & (d > 0)], axis=0) - pos[i] if ((d < coh_r) & (d > 0)).any() else 0
new_vel[i] += 0.5*sep + 0.3*ali + 0.2*coh
speed = np.linalg.norm(new_vel[i])
if speed > max_v:
new_vel[i] = new_vel[i] / speed * max_v
return pos + new_vel, new_vel
```
## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Continuous optimization | PSO |
| Combinatorial (TSP, scheduling) | ACO |
| Multi-objective | NSGA-II / MOPSO |
| LLM-based reasoning | Agent swarm (CrewAI) |
| Convex problem | 매 swarm 의 X — gradient descent |
**기본값**: 매 PSO 의 continuous, 매 ACO 의 graph problems.
## 🔗 Graph
- 변형: [[Genetic Algorithms]] · [[Simulated Annealing]] · [[CMA-ES]]
- Adjacent: [[Emergence]] · [[Self-Organization]]
## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: black-box optimization, multi-agent reasoning, 매 gradient 의 unavailable.
**언제 X**: convex / differentiable (use gradient methods), small discrete (use exact).
## ❌ 안티패턴
- **No diversification**: 매 premature convergence — 매 inertia / mutation 의 tune.
- **Wrong neighborhood topology**: 매 fully-connected 의 always 의 X — ring/star 의 try.
- **Naive multi-LLM swarm**: 매 cost 의 N× — 매 token budget 의 monitor.
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Kennedy & Eberhart 1995 PSO; Dorigo ACO; CrewAI 2026 docs).
- 신뢰도 A.
## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — PSO, ACO, boids, LLM agent swarms |