refactor(topics): 멀티 에이전트용 지식 재편 — _Common(공통 기본기) + Domain_* 구조
에이전트 8종(대화형/프로그래머 C·S/디자이너/설계자/기획자/QA/PD/PM)에게 [공통 기본 능력 + 롤별 Specialty] 2층으로 지식을 주입하기 위한 재분류. 문서 내용·포맷은 무수정, 폴더 이동만 (6,372개 문서 수 보존 확인). - Topic_Programming → Domain_Programming (내부 구조 보존) - Topic_Graphic → Domain_Design - Topic_Business → Domain_Product - Topic_General → Domain_General - _Common 신설: Math(구 Topic_Math_Specialty), Reasoning(구 General/From_Thinking & Reasoning), Reasoning_Creativity(구 General/From_창의성), Communication(Poetic_Blog_Writing + From_writing) - 타 도메인의 From_* 폴더는 유지 (출처 표기일 뿐, 이미 도메인에 맞게 분류된 문서) - 빈 폴더 정리 (memory/procedures) - 에이전트→폴더 매핑은 workspace의 .astra/agent-knowledge-map.json (9개 에이전트) Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Antigravity Agent
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---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-execution-environment-sandbox
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title: Execution Environment (Sandbox)
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [sandbox, code execution sandbox, container, gVisor, Firecracker, WASM, code interpreter]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.94
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [security, sandbox, isolation, container, wasm, llm-tool, execution]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: Universal
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framework: Docker / Firecracker / gVisor / WASM / E2B
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---
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# Execution Environment (Sandbox)
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 untrusted code 의 isolated 의 run"**. 매 LLM 의 generate code → 매 host 의 보호. 매 levels: process → container → microVM → WASM. 매 modern: 매 Firecracker (AWS Lambda), gVisor (GKE), E2B (LLM agent), Code Interpreter.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 isolation level
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1. **Process** (chroot, seccomp): 매 weak.
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2. **Container** (Docker): 매 namespace + cgroup.
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3. **MicroVM** (Firecracker, gVisor): 매 hypervisor / user-space kernel.
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4. **VM**: 매 strongest, 매 slow.
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5. **WASM**: 매 capability-based, 매 portable.
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### 매 응용
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1. **LLM code interpreter** (OpenAI, Claude, Anthropic).
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2. **Serverless** (Lambda Firecracker).
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3. **CI/CD** (GitHub Actions runner).
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4. **Browser** (V8 isolate).
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5. **Plugin sandbox** (Figma plugin = WASM).
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6. **Agent tool** (E2B).
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### 매 modern tool
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- **Firecracker**: 매 microVM, 125ms startup.
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- **gVisor**: 매 user-space kernel.
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- **WASM**: 매 wasi, 매 capability.
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- **E2B**: 매 LLM-targeted SDK.
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- **Daytona**: 매 dev sandbox.
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## 💻 패턴
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### Docker (basic)
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```bash
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docker run --rm \
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--user 1000:1000 \
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--read-only \
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--tmpfs /tmp \
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--network none \
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--memory 256m --cpus 0.5 \
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--cap-drop ALL \
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--security-opt no-new-privileges \
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python:3.12-slim python -c "$CODE"
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```
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### gVisor (runsc)
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```bash
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docker run --runtime=runsc python:3.12 python -c "$CODE"
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```
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### Firecracker (programmatic)
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```python
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import requests
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def boot_microvm(rootfs, kernel):
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sock = '/tmp/firecracker.socket'
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requests.put(f'http+unix://{sock}/boot-source', json={'kernel_image_path': kernel})
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requests.put(f'http+unix://{sock}/drives/rootfs', json={'drive_id': 'rootfs', 'path_on_host': rootfs, 'is_root_device': True, 'is_read_only': False})
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requests.put(f'http+unix://{sock}/actions', json={'action_type': 'InstanceStart'})
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```
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### WASM (Wasmer / Wasmtime)
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```rust
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use wasmer::{Store, Module, Instance, imports};
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let mut store = Store::default();
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let module = Module::from_file(&store, "guest.wasm")?;
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let imports = imports! {}; // 매 default = no host access
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let instance = Instance::new(&mut store, &module, &imports)?;
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let func = instance.exports.get_function("run")?;
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func.call(&mut store, &[])?;
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```
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### WASI capability (file)
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```rust
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// 매 explicit 매 path 의 grant 만
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let wasi = WasiState::new("agent")
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.preopen_dir("/sandbox-fs")?
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.build()?;
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```
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### E2B (LLM-targeted)
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```python
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from e2b_code_interpreter import Sandbox
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with Sandbox() as sb:
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result = sb.run_code('import pandas; print(pandas.__version__)')
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print(result.stdout)
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sb.files.write('/data/output.csv', csv_content)
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sb.files.read('/data/output.csv')
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```
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### Resource limit (cgroups, Linux)
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```bash
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cgcreate -g cpu,memory:sandbox
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cgset -r memory.max=256M sandbox
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cgset -r cpu.max="50000 100000" sandbox # 매 50% of one core
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cgexec -g cpu,memory:sandbox python untrusted.py
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```
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### Seccomp (syscall filter)
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```python
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import seccomp
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filter = seccomp.SyscallFilter(seccomp.KILL)
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for sc in ['read', 'write', 'open', 'close', 'mmap', 'brk', 'exit', 'exit_group']:
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filter.add_rule(seccomp.ALLOW, sc)
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filter.load()
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```
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### Time-out enforcement
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```python
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import resource, signal
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def run_sandboxed(code, time_limit_s=30, mem_limit_mb=512):
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def sandbox_init():
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resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_AS, (mem_limit_mb * 1024 * 1024,) * 2)
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resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CPU, (time_limit_s,) * 2)
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proc = subprocess.run(
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['python', '-c', code],
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preexec_fn=sandbox_init,
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timeout=time_limit_s,
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capture_output=True,
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)
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return proc.stdout
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```
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### Network egress block
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```bash
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docker run --network none ...
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# 매 or specific allowlist
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docker network create --internal sandboxed
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docker run --network sandboxed ...
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```
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### Capability-based (Deno)
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```bash
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deno run --allow-read=/tmp --allow-write=/tmp --no-net script.ts
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```
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### LLM tool integration
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```python
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def llm_python_tool(code):
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with Sandbox(timeout=60, mem_mb=512) as sb:
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try:
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result = sb.run_code(code)
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return {'stdout': result.stdout, 'stderr': result.stderr}
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except TimeoutError:
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return {'error': 'execution timed out'}
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```
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### Snapshot for fast warmup
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```python
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# 매 Firecracker snapshot
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def restore_microvm_from_snapshot(snapshot_path):
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requests.put('/snapshot/load', json={'snapshot_path': snapshot_path})
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# 매 < 100ms cold start
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Sandbox |
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|---|---|
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| LLM code agent | E2B / Firecracker |
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| Plugin (browser) | V8 Isolate / WASM |
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| Serverless | Firecracker |
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| CI runner | Container + ephemeral |
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| Dev environment | Daytona / Codespaces |
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| Strict isolation | MicroVM (Firecracker) |
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| Lightweight | WASM |
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**기본값**: 매 LLM agent = E2B 또는 Firecracker + 매 read-only fs + 매 no network + 매 cgroup limit + 매 timeout.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[Security]] · [[Isolation]]
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- 변형: [[MicroVM]] · [[Container]] · [[WASM]]
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- 응용: [[Serverless]]
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- Adjacent: [[Excessive Agency]] · [[gVisor]] · [[Firecracker]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: 매 code-executing agent. 매 user code. 매 plugin.
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**언제 X**: 매 trusted internal-only.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **chroot only**: 매 escape easy.
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- **--privileged**: 매 isolation 의 lose.
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- **Network on**: 매 exfil.
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- **No timeout**: 매 fork bomb.
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- **Shared volume**: 매 host file 의 leak.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (Firecracker paper, gVisor docs, WASM/WASI spec).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — sandbox + 매 Docker / Firecracker / WASM / E2B / cgroup code |
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